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Houses with steep gable roofs that extend to ground level on two sides; constructed mostly for vacation and second homes.

Designates buildings or groups of buildings that are abandoned by their owners, often constituting potential public hazards. In a legal connotations, the term does not include buildings that are temporarily vacant or unoccupied.

Structures, caves, or other accommodations that were designed or adapted for residential occupancy or other personal activity, and that are abandoned by their occupants or owners.

Churches that form the center of an abbey. They typically adjoin the cloister, are linked to the dormitory by a stairway called the "night-stair," and have an assembly room or chapter house, which is often attached to the chancel at the eastern side of the cloister.

Designates independent and canonically erected monasteries, ruled by an abbot if occupied by monks and by an abbess if occupied by nuns.

Masses, usually of masonry, that support and receive the thrust of arches, vaults, or trusses.

Buildings housing libraries that serve an academic institution.

Libraries which serve an academic institution, such as a college or university, and which develop their collections to support the programs of their parent institution.

Buildings housing a learned society called an "academy," which exists for the promotion and education in art, literature, science, etc.

Organizations or societies of learned individuals united for the advancement of art, science, or literature, intended to provide instruction, to engage in intellectual life or the practice of an art, to set standards, disseminate information, and to confer prestige on its members. Generally refers to an educational level above elementary school.

Public roads giving direct access to the land, premises, or highways on one or both sides.

Buildings that are subordinate to other industrial structures, though used by the occupants of the primary structures.

Solar heating systems that include mechanical equipment and hardware to collect and transport heat; for solar heating systems without mechanical assistance, use "passive solar heating."

The conversion of outmoded or unused structures, such as buildings of historic value, and objects, such as software, to new uses or application in new contexts.

Buildings constructed or used for offices from which the management and other administrative duties of an organization or institution are conducted.

Buildings housing museums that specialize in the history, objects, vehicles, and other materials associated with flight and space travel.

Complexes or structures having as a main purpose the launching of vehicles or rockets into the atmosphere or space, or having other functions having to do with space or air travel, for example designing testing space vehicles.

Designates housing for people who are unable to purchase or rent homes through normal marketplace mechanisms; includes such options as low cost housing, low income housing, shelters for the homeless, or mobile homes.

In ancient Greek settlements, open spaces used as marketplaces or general public meeting places. For similar spaces in ancient Roman settlements, use "forums."

Buildings used for the science or art of cultivating the soil, harvesting crops, or raising livestock, not used for human habitation, employment, or processing, and not used by the public.

Land suitable for agricultural production, both crops and livestock, including planted and harvested crops such as field crops, greenhouse crops, fruit and berry plantations, nurseries, orchards, vegetable gardens, fallow land, meadows, and natural pastures.

Relatively small settlements that grow up around farming activities; usually refers to early farming settlements.

Built structures that are used in agriculture.

Bases for the operation of military aircraft.

That part of a ventilation system which includes supply and return air ducts and plenum chambers.

Airtight spaces permitting passage between spaces of different air pressures or qualities, or between underwater and air-filled spaces.

Complexes containing facilities to accommodate people, functions, and vehicles having to do with air transportation.

Areas prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft; may or may not be provided with associated buildings, equipment, or other installations.

Typically refers to large tracts of open, level land upon which runways, hangars, terminals, and other buildings have been constructed to allow for the takeoffs, landings, loading and unloading, and maintenance of aircraft. For smaller areas that have a runway but no or few additional facilities, see "airfields."

Runways without normal airport facilities.

Includes both passages between sections of seats and the side divisions of buildings where the interior is divided into parts by columns or piers.

Use to designate small recessed spaces off of larger rooms.

Walkways bordered by formally planted trees, clipped hedges, or shrubs; usually found in formal gardens or parks. For wide, straight, usually tree-lined roads or approaches, use "avenues." For walkways or narrow streets between and behind buildings in an urban environment, use "alleys (streets)."

Buildings housing locally administered public or private institutions for care of the homeless, disabled, and elderly without means; often operated in conjunction with a farm. For earlier buildings where the disabled, elderly poor, or vagrants were confined for reform and work, use "workhouses (buildings)." For places established solely for the distribution of alms, use "almonries (buildings)."

Sport that evolved during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the mountainous terrain of the Alps in central Europe. Modern Alpine skiing is competitive, divided into speed events (downhill skiing and the supergiant slalom, or super-G) and technical events (slalom and giant slalom).

Elevated platforms or constructions upon which religious sacrifice is offered. In a Christian church altars are platforms where Eucharistic elements are consecrated, in the ancient tradition of a sacrifice. Includes both indoor small, tablelike fixtures and larger, free-standing, outdoor structures. It consists of a horizontal part, the mensa, placed on various types of supports. For the surface at which communion is celebrated in Protestant churches, use "communion tables."

College buildings that house alumni associations and having entertainment and assembly facilities for graduates.

Circular or elliptical structures in which a central performance area is surrounded by rising tiers of seats.

Usually semicircular rooms with steeply rising tiers of seats in which audiences may view such events as lectures or surgery.

Entertainment buildings containing a variety of games and other amusements that can be played for a nominal fee.

Commercially operated areas containing rides, stalls, and shows, and other entertainment attractions intended to attract a large number of visitors.

Recreation structures containing vehicles or other devices in or on which people may ride for amusement for a nominal fee and for a limited time.

Exhibition buildings used specifically for exhibiting animals.

Urban buildings for the housing and care of homeless, lost, or abandoned animals, primarily dogs, cats, and other pets. Typically the animal is kept at the shelter until it is reclaimed by its owner, adopted by a new owner, placed with another organization, or euthanized.

Subsidiary supplementary structures, whether additions to a main building or separate from it, but usually visibly distinct and often with a separate entrance.

Rooms preceding or serving as a lobby or means of access to another and more important room.

Hotels providing apartments, usually furnished, to long-term tenants and including some services not available to the general public. For similar housing but providing smaller accommodations for short- or long-term rental at very low rates, often with shared facilities, and fewer services, use "single room occupancy hotels."

Buildings, often multiple-story, containing more than one dwelling unit, most of which are designed for domestic use but sometimes including shops and other nonresidential features. Apartment houses have been in use since ancient times, notable examples having been known in ancient Rome and among ancient Native Americans. The apartment house as known today first appeared in Paris and other large European cities in the 18th century, when tall blocks of apartments for middle-class tenants became common.

Rooms or sets of rooms used as dwellings or private living quarters and located in houses, hotels, or within apartment houses.

Semicircular or polygonal extensions off of a larger space; common in Roman basilicas and Christian churches.

Buildings containing large tanks with transparent, usually glass, sides in which aquatic animals and plants are kept alive for purposes of observation, study, and display.

Man-made conduits for carrying water over long distances, usually by means of gravity, particularly structures that include channels and elevated sections on bridgelike structures, optimized by the Romans and based on inventions of earlier cultures. The term derives from Latin aqua, meaning "water," and ducere, meaning "to lead." In modern engineering, the term refers to any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and supporting structures used to convey water from its source to its main distribution point.

Botanical gardens devoted to the cultivation and exhibition of trees and other woody plants, rare or otherwise.

Light, open structures either formed from trees, shrubs, or vines closely planted and twined together to be self-supporting or formed from a latticework frame covered with plants; generally less extensive and less substantial than "pergolas."

Series of arches on the same plane and carried on piers, columns, or pilasters; either free-standing or attached to a wall (a "blind arcade"). The term is also used to denote a covered avenue with shops on one or both sides, which originally was set within an architectural arcade. Series of arches on the same plane and carried on piers, columns, or pilasters; either free-standing or attached to a wall (a "blind arcade"). The term is also used to denote a covered avenue with shops on one or both sides, which originally was set within an architectural arcade.

Bridges in which the main supporting elements are arches.

Dams that resist water pressure by use of the arch principle and having, in plan, the form of a single arch abutted by natural rock formation.

Archaeological sites that accomodate tourism and public use.

Locations where human activities once took place and some form of material evidence has been left behind, particularly sites where evidence of past activity is being or has been investigated using the discipline of archaeology. Locations where human activities once took place and some form of material evidence has been left behind, particularly sites where evidence of past activity is being or has been investigated using the discipline of archaeology.

Structural elements, typically curved, spanning openings and transmitting vertical loads to either side of the opening; also, structural elements or freestanding structures that resemble arches or act structurally like arches.

Buildings constructed as resource and information centers for documents, exhibitions, and other events and data of relevance to architects.

Trim or casings around the sides and top of a rectangular opening, having a molded form similar to an architrave.

Buildings that house archives, which are institutions that store, maintain, and care for non-active public records or other important historical documents. The facilities typically include shelves and drawers for storage of boxes, folders, and other containers or documents; areas of the facility may be climate controlled.

Institutions that store, maintain, and care for non-active public records or other important historical documents that are arranged as an organized body. The documents in an archive were received or originated in connection with the activities of an organization, institution or individual, and are preserved because of their continuing value.

Rooms or sets of rooms for the systematic maintenance and storage of records and documents.

Refers to openings under arches.

Open subsurface spaces around a basement window or doorway, adjacent to the foundation walls.

Theaters in which seating for the audience surrounds the stage in the middle.

Use both for buildings housing central stages, rings, or areas used for sports or other entertainment events and for the central open spaces of ancient amphitheaters.

Distinguished from "arsenals" by being used both for military training and storage of arms and equipment.

Permanent group of installations for which a local commander is responsible, consisting of support facilities necessary for army activities, including security, internal communications, and utility systems.

Military camps where army soldiers are stationed when training for, or fighting, a war.

Housing designed for or used by the army.

Flat-bottomed and often steep-walled dry watercourses occupied by streams only after heavy rains; common in the southwest United States.

Distinguished from "armories (military buildings)" by being exclusively a repository or magazine for arms and military equipment.

Cultural centers whose fine arts-related activities, such as art display, education, and production, are housed.

Buildings that house establishments in which works of art are displayed for sale. For buildings where works of art are housed and displayed for public benefit, see "art museums (buildings)."

Establishments in which works of art are displayed for sale.

Buildings that house specialized resources and facilities for pursuing investigation and research of art, architecture and design.

Buildings, groups of buildings, or spaces within buildings where works of art are housed and displayed for public benefit. For stores in which works of art are displayed for sale, see "art galleries (buildings)."

Institutions that collect and maintain works of art displayed for public benefit.

Public spaces that feature sculpture, earthworks, or other art-forms as an integral part of their design and use.

Institutions that provide training in the creation of fine and decorative arts, established primarily for the instruction of artists but often endowed with other functions, such as providing exhibition space for students and mature artists who have been accepted as members.

Urban thoroughfares handling major portions of traffic, often larger than most streets and having medians; use primarily when referring to the flow of traffic within a transportation system.

Wells bored into a confined aquifer which overflow the wellhead, because the water level of the aquifer lies above the level of the wellhead; the water rises under its own pressure through the borehole.

Lakes or reservoirs created behind a dam or other man-made structure.

Usually small structures with artificial surfaces, often plastic, upon which to practice skiing.

Rural settlements occupied primarily by artists in environments perceived to be sympathetic to creative endeavors; historically, formed especially to escape urban life or to be near nature or simple country life.

Refers to Indian religious communities whose members focus on religious study and meditation and lead lives of austere self-discipline. Such communities or retreats are usually secluded and center around a Hindu philosopher or religious teacher.

Buildings designed or intended for people to gather in auditorium or similar seating arrangements, for social or civic functions.

Factories where parts for a complete unit are put together, as in automobile manufacturing.

Rooms, primarily of the 18th century, in which social gatherings and balls (commonly referred to as assemblies) were held.

Buildings housing museums that focus specifically on the history of space travel and astronauts.

Buildings used as refuges for the sick or destitute who need care rather than medical treatment; for institutional facilities treating the mentally ill, use "psychiatric hospitals" or "psychiatric clinics," and for those treating the chronically ill, use "sanatoriums."

Buildings housing the reading room and library for a given association of people interested in scientific and literary pursuits, who meet for the purpose of mutual improvement.

Buildings with sports and recreation facilities offered only on a membership basis.

Expanses of generally level open space intended primarily for highly organized games and sports, often supplied with spectator seating and delimiting fences or walls. For buildings with tiers of seats surrounding such fields, use "stadiums."

Establishments used for studying atoms, including atomic physics, atomic weapons, or atomic energy.

Ancient Roman houses or similarly styled houses containing internal courtyards with impluvia but without colonnades; for houses with internal courtyards having colonnades, use "peristyle houses."

Refers to the colonnaded forecourts of Early Christian churches.

Refers to many-storied, skylit spaces in or between high-rise buildings, common since 1960.

The main inner halls of Roman houses having a compluvium (opening in the roof) for rainwater and an impluvium (rectangular basin) to collect the water.

Use to designate the exterior walled portions of buildings, above the uppermost cornice, whether fenestrated or not.

Enclosed spaces under sloping roofs, between the roof and the ceiling of the uppermost story, especially in houses, whether used for storage or habitation. For open platforms in houses set close to ceilings or for large spaces below the roofs of commercial buildings or warehouses, use "lofts (upper level floors)".

Buildings designed or used for public sales in which each bidder offers an increase upon the price offered by the preceding, the article put up being sold to the highest bidder.

Rooms or entire buildings designed for a variety of activities such as would occur on a stage before a seated audience; for rooms or buildings used only for theatrical performances, use "theaters;" for rooms with fixed seating designed for lectures, use "lecture halls."

Self-service restaurants where patrons insert coins to open small glass doors to retrieve individual items of food or drink.

Refers to people or corporate bodies who own or run manufacturing plants for making automobiles, which are self-propelled vehicles designed primarily to transport passengers over ordinary roads.

Tracks, usually oval in shape, designed or used primarily for the racing of automobiles; surfaces may be made of dirt, asphalt, brick, or another material.

Includes both places where automobiles are displayed and entire dealership complexes including the sales-and-service building and surrounding lot.

Buildings housing museums that specialize in the history, objects, vehicles, and other materials associated with self-propelled vehicles designed primarily to transport passengers over ordinary roads.

Designation given to certain communities within a nation that have a degree of independence, administer their own affairs, or are otherwise self-governing to some degree. The precise definition of "autonomous community" varies from nation to nation, and is typically assigned to the community by the nation, rather than being assigned by an outside body. Examples of autonomous communities are in Spain.

Wide, straight, usually tree-lined roads or approaches; for walkways in gardens or parks bordered by formally planted trees, use "allées."

Relatively large enclosures or cages for confining live birds; distinguished from "birdhouses" which are smaller structures that house birds but do not confine them.

Theater spaces behind the proscenium arch or behind the back wall of the stage setting, including, for example, workshops, dressing rooms, and storage areas; in arena theaters, often includes spaces behind or under seating areas.

Areas of virtually stagnant water that are joined to a stream but relatively unaffected by its current.

Rooms for receiving, checking, and handling luggage.

An outbuilding containing an oven used for baking bread. May be combined with a brewery or other functional structures. May be found associated with farmhouses, hospitals, monasteries, or other major structures.

Buildings or parts of buildings where bread and other baked goods are prepared; it may include a space for the retail sale of baked goods.

Very small balconies, usually not large enough to stand on and consisting of little more than a protective railing.

Railed platforms projecting from the exterior walls of buildings. Use also for similar interior features, when small. For larger platforms which extend the length of one side of a room or are recessed behind an arcade, use "galleries (upper level spaces)."

Canopies over such features as thrones, altars, tombs, or doorways; may be suspended, projecting, or free-standing. For roofed structures with columns built over altars, use "ciboria (structures)."

Large rooms designed for formal dancing or any room in which balls are routinely held.

Short vertical members used to support a stair handrail or coping, often circular in section with a vase-shaped outline. Used also in furniture, as on the backs of chairs.

Parapets or low screens composed of balusters and carrying a rail or other horizontal member that is usually heavy in proportion to the balusters themselves.

Concave, acoustically resonant structures at the back of outdoor bandstands.

Structures with raised platforms on which a band or orchestra plays; often roofed when sited outdoors.

Two-story barns, usually dug into a hillside thus providing ground-level entrances to both stories.

Rooms in banks open to the public for doing business and generally containing the tellers' stations, writing desks, and sometimes also officers' platforms.

Buildings that house establishments for the custody of money received from, or on behalf of, customers, with the essential duty of payment of the orders given on it by the customers. Banks' profits arise mainly from the investment of the money left unused by the customers. Bank buildings typically have indoor counters and windows where customers may make transactions, often with bars or other security devices securing the window, offices where bank officials may meet with customers, vaults for the secure storage of money and other valuables, and other security devices and measures. Exterior bank architecture traditionally imitates a Greek temple, although many other styles are employed as well.

Large rooms, halls, or apartments designed or used for festive or state functions.

Refers to separate buildings or parts of buildings containing a font for the baptismal rite.

Buildings in which the primary activity is shaving and the cutting and grooming mens' beards; also includes the cutting, dressing, or styling the hair of customers, usually men.

Boards which hang from the projecting end of a roof, covering the gables; often elaborately carved and ornamented.

Agricultural buildings with large, usually sliding doors, prominent roofs, and predominantly open spaces on the interior, primarily used as storage buildings for hay, grains, and farm equipment and shelters for livestock; does not include those structures, often termed barns, used for the processing of food and other agricultural produce, such as hop barns and tobacco barns.

Yards connected to and associated with a barn; usually fenced livestock yards separated from general work and activity areas.

Buildings or sets of buildings erected as common living quarters for groups of soldiers or workers.

Vaults of plain, semicircular cross section supported by parallel walls or arcades.

Objects or sets of objects that separate, keep apart, demarcate, or serve as deterrents.

Establishments with counters where beverages, usually liquors, and light meals are served to customers.

Sculptural relief technique in which the projection of the forms is relatively shallow.

Refers to works executed in relatively shallow relief.

Bridges in which sections of the span are pivoted upward by use of counterweights. For bridges whose sections are pivoted upward by chains, cables, or other ropelike devices, use "drawbridges."

Athletic fields designed or used for playing baseball.

Use to designate stories wholly or partly underground. For similar spaces used solely for storage, particularly food, prefer "cellars."

Plan of buildings, typically churches or ancient Roman structures, that has an oblong footprint, a nave, side aisles, an apse, and clerestory.

Refers to religious or secular buildings characterized by an oblong plan divided into a nave with two or more side aisles, the former higher and wider than the latter and generally lit by clerestory windows; usually terminated by an apse.

Fortifications that incorporate enclosed earthworks with bastions (projecting portions) at the angles where the curtain walls meet. They are designed to provide coverage by defensive weapons, which are able to fire from the projecting portions along the fronts of the curtain walls.

Use only for structures containing dressing rooms or lockers for bathers, as at the seashore. For buildings housing public swimming and bathing facilities, use "public baths."

Beaches set aside for or used by people immersing themselves in the water and exposing themselves to the sun and air for recreational purposes.

Rooms containing a bathtub or shower, and usually a toilet and lavatory; for rooms containing only a toilet and lavatory, use "lavatories (rooms);" for public facilities containing toilets and lavatories, use "rest rooms."

Fixed platforms on which artillery is mounted.

Historic sites where significant battles are memorialized; used specifically in reference to Civil War battlefield sites in the United States, some of which are also National Parks.

Locations where a hostile meetings of opposing military forces in the course of a war have taken place.

Fortified parapets with alternate solid parts and openings.

Windows, either single or in a series, forming a bay or recess in a room and projecting outward from the wall in a rectangular, curved, or polygonal form.

Denotes marshy creeks or other sluggish swampy watercourses, generally found along the lower Mississippi River and other alluvial lowlands.

Refers to repeated, similar divisions or compartments of a building or part of a building, as defined by recurring architectural features, such as arches, vaults, openings, or pilasters.

Houses located on or adjacent to a beach, whether the structure is the primary or seasonal residence of the occupants.

Shores comprised of an accumulation of sediment, such as sand or pebbles, along the edge of a sea or lake, and formed by coastal processes such as waves and tides.

Enrichment consisting of a line of tiny beads; common on silver and furniture.

Walls that support a vertical load in addition to their own weight. Walls that support a vertical load in addition to their own weight.

Buildings or parts of buildings designed or used for hairdressing, manicures, facials, and make-up application, typically having stalls or areas for individual hairdressers to do their work, large mirrors, and facilities for hairdryers and other equipment.

Inns, hotels, or private homes offering a room for the night and breakfast the next morning for one inclusive price.

Rooms designed for or used to contain a bed or beds for sleeping.

Generally, the sleeping places of humans and animals. Specifically, permanent pieces of furniture comprised of a bedstead, which is the wooden or metal support, and the bedding, including the mattress and cover.

Areas of gardens or lawns demarcated from their surroundings and devoted to the cultivation of a particular group of plants.

Designates a class of simple dwellings, circular in plan and with beehive domes.

Kilns used to convert coal into coke, characterized by a dome-shaped roof.

Receptacles for the habitation of swarms of bees. Natural beehives are made in caves, rock cavities, and hollow trees; some subgenera of bees have exposed aerial combs. The beehive's internal structure is a densely-packed matrix of hexagonal cells made of beeswax, a honeycomb. The bees use the cells to store honey and pollen, and to house eggs, larvae, and pupae. Artificial structures for beehives have been made since ancient times. Early artificial structures were made in a conical or dome-like form using straw or the like, but now artificial beehive structures are often square boxes constructed with movable compartments for the removal of the honey.

Cellars in which beer is stored.

Distinguished from other drinking establishments (e.g., bars, saloons) by being family-oriented, by having chairs and tables rather than a bar, by emphasizing food as much as beer, by having music, and by being more impersonal than saloons.

Establishments chiefly serving beer and usually offering entertainment.

Rooms or spaces in which bells are hung in a tower; for the entire tower structure, use "bell towers."

Use only for vernacular British sheds for cattle, wagons, or farm equipment from the 16th to the 18th century.

Towers fitted and prepared for containing bells, can be either freestanding or attached to buildings or other structures. Their footprint can be either round or rectangular (typically square). For the spaces in which bells are hung, use "belfries."

Highways built around the perimeters of urban areas.

Rooftop pavilions intended as lookouts or for the enjoyment of a view. For unroofed platforms, use "widows' walks"; for rooftop structures that are primarily ornamental, use "cupolas," for small pavilions, in a garden setting, intended for enjoyment of a view, use "gazebos."

Long seats for two or more people, with or without a back, usually of wood, but also of stone, metal, or another material. A bench is distinguished from a stool by its greater length.

Frameworks usually designed to carry both lateral and vertical loads and that are transverse to the length of a framed structure.

Banks of earth piled against exterior walls.

Unoccupied, open water spaces allotted to vessels when alongside a landing place; when such spaces are set between adjacent piers or perpendicular to landing places, use "slips (waterfront spaces)." Use "docks" for open water spaces when occupied by vessels made fast to landing places.

Paths, paved or unpaved, specifically designed or designated for use by bicyclists.

Flat surfaces or boards, sometimes substantial structures, constructed for or used for posting announcements or advertisements.

Rooms intended primarily for playing billiards.

Buildings, generally having large open interior spaces, that accommodate a series of tables on which bingo, and derivative games, can be played.

Basins or other receptacles filled with water and usually placed in gardens or on lawns for birds to drink from or bathe in.

Enclosures, often resembling houses, built as resting, nesting, or feeding places for birds; distinguished from "aviaries" by the lack of emphasis on confinement and by their relatively small size.

A relatively soft coal containing the tarlike substance asphaltic bitumen. Its carbon content is 60-80%, the rest composed of water, air, hydrogen, and sulfur. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than anthracite. It was usually formed as a result of high pressure on lignite. It dark brown to black in color, commonly banded or layered. The major problem with burning of bituminous coal is air pollution. A relatively soft coal containing the tarlike substance asphaltic bitumen. Its carbon content is 60-80%, the rest composed of water, air, hydrogen, and sulfur. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than anthracite. It was usually formed as a result of high pressure on lignite. It dark brown to black in color, commonly banded or layered. The major problem with burning of bituminous coal is air pollution.

Large, vertical structures for smelting iron from ore, using a solid fuel, designed so as to direct a continuous blast of air through the fuel to assure a high rate of combustion.

Benchlike tiered seating for spectators at, for example, outdoor sporting events, usually without weather or sun protection, affording less advantageous views than grandstands; may also be used for similarly constructed, often telescoping, indoor seating.

Arches in which the opening is permanently closed by the wall construction.

Camouflaged or otherwise purposely concealed places in which hunters, especially wildfowl hunters, hide from game, or for similar lightly built structures for observing wildlife at close range.

Fortified log structures with loopholes or ports in their sides which permit gunfire in all directions.

Buildings that house boarding schools, which are educational institutions at the elementary-secondary level in which students are in residence while enrolled in an instructional program.

Educational institutions at the elementary-secondary level in which students are in residence while enrolled in an instructional program.

Houses in which people receive lodging and meals for a fixed fee, typically for an extended period of time rather than simply overnight. Boarding houses are often family homes in which the family's spare bedrooms are used for boarders and the paying guests sit at the family table to take meals.

Rooms that are designated for meetings of a board and usually contain a large conference table.

Organizations that regulate, promote, supervise, or protect commercial or business enterprises.

Walkways constructed from boards or planks, usually located along shores, especially beaches. In extended use it may refer to any pedestrian walkway along beach frontage meant for recreational strolling; may be accompanied by small businesses.

Water recreation complexes including clubhouse, marina, and associated boating facilities.

Ramps extending from the shore or bank to the water, for the purpose of allowing boats to be put in a body of water.

Buildings usually built partly in the water for housing or storing boats.

Designates waterlogged spongy ground with a characteristic plantlife, such as sphagnum mosses, and in which vegetation is decaying, ultimately producing highly acidic peat. Distinct from "fens," in which the water remains alkaline.

Buildings containing boiler units, which supply hot water or steam usually to associated industrial buildings.

Spaces provided for the boilers used for heating, ventilation, or power generation.

Moldings or groups of moldings used to cover the joint between two surfaces on different levels and projecting beyond the surface of both.

Refers to wooden or metal posts on a ship, whale-boat, quay, or pier, used for securing ropes. Bollards made of concrete may be used to prevent passage by automobiles into pedestrian spaces. For indicators sited in roadways that may indicate wayfinding or obstructions, use "traffic bollards."

Structures or chambers, often underground, that are reinforced against bombing and typically stocked with food and living essentials, intended to be used by civilians or military personnel in case of enemy bomb attack.

Use both for warehouses in which goods are stored until customs duties or taxes have been paid or for warehouses in which goods stored are insured against loss or damage.

Places of business where books are the primary items sold.

Towns that have grown very rapidly as a result of sudden prosperity.

Small enclosures or stands, permanent or temporary, and freestanding or not, used for selling goods or to afford privacy to their occupants.

Built works erected at or near border crossings where persons or vehicles are halted for examination and clearance by government officials.

Boundary lines that separate one country from another.

Primarily outdoor areas where a variety of plants are grown and displayed for scientific, educational, or artistic purposes.

Facilities where drinking water is treated and sealed in bottles.

Wide city streets characterized by rows of trees or other plantings decoratively laid out along the sides or in a median strip.

Stones marking a boundary.

Walls enclosing an area or defining a boundary.

Small, upscale specialty shops generally specializing in fashionable clothing or accessories or a special collection of other merchandise; may also be used for individual departments within larger stores if featuring a similar line of goods.

Bowling sports played using a bowling alley.

Designates buildings housing wooden lanes, equipped with facilities for setting bowling pins and returning balls to the user, for the indoor sport of bowling.

Designates closely mown, level pieces of ground reserved for the playing of lawn bowls.

Rooms or spaces in theaters where tickets are reserved, sold, and distributed.

In barns or stables, individual compartments in which an animal may move about freely.

An enclosed seating area within a theater that is either permanently or temporarily reserved for small groups of persons.

Refers to the elements, usually of generally triangular shape, that project from a wall, pier, or other structure and which serve to support vertical loads or strengthen an angle by transferring the load against the face of the structure from which they project; sometimes more decorative than functional.

Buildings that house banks in a system other than the main or central bank.

Buildings or spaces housing book collections in a system other than the main or central library.

Raised structures, usually located offshore, built to protect an area from waves.

Roofed passages connecting two parts of a house or a house and garage; common after 1930. Distinct from "dogtrots," which occur in folk architecture and log houses.

Buildings or complexes of buildings where beer, and often other malt beverages, are brewed, generally involving mechanized processes.

Furnaces devised for burning bricks. Originally fueled by wood, more recent designs employ forced air systems, automatic temperature control, and may be fueled by coal or other substances.

Factories where bricks are made.

Embankments, trestles, or other structures that provide access at either end of a bridge.

Structures spanning and providing passage over waterways, topographic depressions, transportation routes, or similar circulation barriers.

Paths cleared and compacted, reserved for riding horses and barred to vehicles.

Fixed or movable devices, such as louvers, designed to block the direct entrance of sun rays into buildings.

Octagonal spires rising from a square tower without an intervening parapet, the four angles of the tower being covered by corner segments of a pyramid seeming to penetrate the tower.

Telecommunications buildings containing studios, production and technical offices, equipment spaces, and control facilities for sending and receiving microwave transmissions; for rooms and spaces designed for the origination or recording of radio or television programs, use "broadcasting studios."

Rooms and spaces designed for the origination or recording of radio or television programs; for telecommunications buildings containing facilities for sending and receiving microwave transmissions, use "broadcasting stations."

Heated structures used for raising young fowl, traditionally wood-framed, wood-floored, movable structures heated by electric or oil-fired stoves and built on skids. The chicks are housed from hatching until they are about six weeks old, when they no longer need heat. Commercial brooder houses may be very large, having several brooder units, underfloor heat or heat lamps, fan ventilation, automatic waterers and feeders, and large doors through which tractors and litter-removing equipment can pass.

Small streams, generally smaller than creeks.

Buildings designed or maintained as houses of prostitution.

Sites considered for development that already have some form of development on them or that are derelict and thus would require clearance before redevelopment could take place.

Dwellings, often row houses, faced with brownstone.

Houses designed by the owner/builder, rather than by a professional architect.

Places where one or more buildings are located, formerly were located, are under construction, or will be constructed.

Structures, generally enclosed, that are used or intended to be used for sheltering an activity or occupancy.

Walls used to resist pressure caused by rock or water, such as to separate land and water areas.

Historically, refers to modest one-story houses, originally with thatched roofs, derived from examples in India; by extension, in British contexts, use for detached one-story houses; in American contexts use more specifically for one- to one-and-a-half-story houses generally characterized by low-pitched gable or hipped roofs, usually with widely projecting, often bracketed eaves, dormers, and conspicuous front porches; popular in the United States from the late 19th to the early 20th century.

Fortification chambers mostly below ground level built of reinforced concrete or similar material and usually provided with embrasures; also, dugouts that are reinforced (as with logs or bags of sand) and usually have firing slits.

Rough buildings often with bunk beds, used for sleeping quarters, as for ranch hands, migratory workers, and campers.

Piles of earth erected over grave sites; for piles of stones built over grave sites, use "cairns"; for piles of earth used generally and not over burials, use "mounds."

Settlements of any size that have been buried due to volcanic eruption, landslide, accumulation of sediment, etc.

Trusses, patented in the early 19th century by Theodore Burr, combining a wood arch with a series of metal king-post trusses.

Minimal structures providing weather protection for patrons at bus stops; for more substantial buildings along bus routes, usually with sales and service facilities, use "bus stations."

Use only for intermediate stops along bus routes, usually containing sales and service facilities; use "bus shelters" for structures at bus stops affording weather protection but having no sales or service facilities; use "bus terminals" only to refer to buildings or other structures located at bus route endpoints.

Use only to refer to buildings or other structures placed at the endpoints of bus routes; use "bus stations" only for intermediate stops along bus routes; use "bus shelters" for structures at bus stops affording weather protection but having no sales or service facilities.

Large, uncleared areas of plant growth or thick vegetation.

Broad area of commercial or mercantile activity involving the exchange of commodities, services, or financial resources.

Buildings that house schools for training students in the clerical aspects of business and commerce, such as typing and bookkeeping; for buildings containing schools devoted to the professional study of the aspects of commercial enterprise, use "business schools (buildings)."

Central areas or other commercial areas of a town or city, typically areas that are zoned to allow the operation of businesses.

Buildings that house schools devoted to the professional study of the organization and management of commercial enterprises, usually at the baccalaureate level and above. For buildings that house schools devoted to training students in the clerical aspects of business and commerce, use "business colleges (buildings)."

Educational institutions devoted to the professional study of the organization and management of commercial enterprises, usually at the baccalaureate level and above. For buildings that house schools devoted to training students in the clerical aspects of business and commerce, use "business colleges."

Shops which sell meat, poultry and sometimes fish.

Erosional landforms that are carved from flat-lying sediment or rocks having resistant top layers and characterized as conspicuous, isolated flat-topped hills with relatively steep sides; smaller in extent than mesas.

Pierlike masonry elements built to strengthen or support walls or resist the lateral thrust of vaults.

Small cabins, simple enclosures, or tentlike structures erected at beaches or swimming pools as bathhouses.

Cafélike facilities often with a dance floor or small stage and featuring entertainment generally of an improvisational, satirical, or topical nature.

Relatively small, private rooms, often adjacent to bedrooms in great houses, serving as sitting rooms, rooms for dressing, study, devotion, or private meetings, and, during certain periods, often containing collections of curiosities and art objects.

Small dwellings characteristic of the frontier or other rustic area, especially when built by non-professionals from available logs or stones.

Bridges having a deck that is directly supported from towers or pylons by straight cables without vertical suspenders. Construction of cable-stayed bridges usually follows the cantilever method. After the tower is built, one cable and a section of the deck are constructed in each direction. Each section of the deck is pre-stressed before continuing. The process is repeated until the deck sections meet in the middle, where they are connected. The ends are anchored at the abutments.

Designates informal eating facilities with plated table service, a limited food-oriented menu generally of simply prepared items and coffee, and a social atmosphere emphasizing bustle and noise.

Self-service establishments providing prepared food and drinks from long counters for on-premise or immediate consumption.

Boxlike enclosures having openwork of bars, wires, or the like used to confine or protect its occupant, or to admit light or ventilation. Typically reserved for large or small enclosures of this type used for animals, or for freestanding barred enclosures for humans. For such rooms in prisons, particularly if the room is enclosed within walls and having only a limited area of bars, prefer "prison cells."

Ancient landmarks, monuments, memorials, or burial places covered with stones or a large mound of earth, specific to Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, For similar burial mounds specific to England, use "barrows." For piles of earth, generally, use "mounds"; for piles of earth used specifically over tombs, use "burial mounds."

Individual locations, within organized campgrounds or as isolated sites, set aside or otherwise marked for camping.

Lofty detached bell towers, particularly such towers found adjacent to certain Italian churches.

Areas comprised of individual camp sites and providing facilities and conveniences for camping.

Automobile-drawn, wheeled recreational vehicles providing a temporary dwelling or shelter while camping outdoors, often incorporating a folding shelter of canvas or other fabric. Distinguished from "motor homes," which are larger.

Temporary short-term habitation complexes, with permanent recreational facilities and often offering a structured program of activities. Temporary short-term habitation complexes, with permanent recreational facilities and often offering a structured program of activities.

Use primarily in anthropological and archaeological contexts for small, scattered, seasonal or temporary settlements, usually places of shelter or lodging, often associated with specific activities, and generally having no permanent architecture.

Grounds of colleges or universities, including the open space between or around the buildings. The term is also used to refer to the grounds of other building complexes with layouts similar to colleges.

Artificial navigable waterways.

Denotes three-walled courts marked for playing jai alai.

Factories where food, especially meat and fruit, are canned.

Bridges built using cantilevers, which are structures that project horizontally into space and are supported on only one end. In a typical cantilever bridge, two cantilever arms are joined in the center by a light suspended span. The balancing of forces of tension, or pulling, and the forces of compression, or squeezing, create a strong bridge; thus cantilever construction is employed for large spans in certain sites, especially for heavy loads.

Beams or other lements that project horizontally or nearly horizontally into space, and are fixed at one end and carry a load distributed along the length or at the other, such as a diving board. The upper half of the thickness of such a beam is subjected to tensile stress, tending to elongate the fibres, the lower half to compressive stress, tending to crush them. Beams or other lements that project horizontally or nearly horizontally into space, and are fixed at one end and carry a load distributed along the length or at the other, such as a diving board. The upper half of the thickness of such a beam is subjected to tensile stress, tending to elongate the fibres, the lower half to compressive stress, tending to crush them.

Encampments formed by troops for long stays while on a campaign, especially during winter.

Deep, steep-sided land depressions, often having a river at the bottom; common to arid and semi-arid areas. Distinct from "valleys (landforms)," which tend to have a flattish landscape rather than high, precipitous slopes. Distinct from "gorges (landforms)," which tend to be smaller, narrower, and more rocky.

Timber framed, one or one and a half story, side-gabled houses, with a central chimney, steeply-pitched roof, and typically clapboarded or shingled siding. These were small houses found in colonial New England, particularly Massachusetts, during the 18th century. The Cape Cod house also became popular in the United states as a revival style in the 20th century.

Land areas, more prominent than a point, projecting into the sea and marking a notable change in coastal direction.

Buildings in the United States that are occupied by a legislature; may also house one or more of the other branches of government.

Rooms equipped for card playing.

Sets of stationary hanging bells, normally for outdoor use in an open tower chamber or on a high frame, played manually from a keyboard, automatically by clockwork, or electronically by pneumatic mechanism. More extensive than chimes, their range covers two octaves or more, with all but the lowest notes forming a fully chromatic scale. They are typically played with a keyboard, by which keys mechanically activate levers and wires that connect to metal clappers that strike the inside of the bells. They are often housed in the bell tower of a church or other municipal building.

Libraries originally funded by Andrew Carnegie; found in the United States, Canada, Ireland, and Great Britain.

Structures consisting of a revolving circular platform with seats, often in the form of horses or other animals, on which people may ride, usually to the accompaniment of mechanical or recorded music.

Roofed shelters for automobiles, often without walls; usually associated with or projecting from a separate building.

Small rooms, cubicles, alcoves, or enclosed study desks, such as in libraries, used for individual or semiprivate study.

Buildings or outbuildings separate from the living quarters designed or used for the storage of coaches, carriages, other vehicles, and often horses.

Buildings that house and display horse-drawn carriages and related objects or documents.

Man-made stepped waterfalls, whether naturalistic or architectural in form. For similar natural or highly naturalistic features, use "waterfalls."

Prototype single-family houses generally conceived as experiments in low-cost construction using the latest materials and incorporating Modernist forms. Prime examples are those sponsored by Arts and Architecture magazine and built in the Los Angeles area between 1945 and 1966.

Windows having a sash that opens on hinges attached to the upright side of the frame.

Public entertainment buildings for meeting, dancing, and general recreation, often with eating and drinking facilities, music, and game rooms; for similar buildings equipped with gambling devices, use "gambling casinos."

Buildings or groups of buildings intended primarily to serve as a fortified residence of a prince or nobleman.

Churches that are the principal church of a diocese, serving as the seat of the bishop, or of the archbishop, primate, patriarch, or pope of the diocese. They are generally grandiose structures and house the "cathedra," which is the throne of the bishop.

Relatively large structures used to shelter beef cattle; for relatively large structures for dairy cow housing, use "dairy barns"; for relatively small structures used to house dairy or beef cows or bulls, use "cow houses;" for relatively small shelters having at least one open wall, use "cowsheds."

Ranches devoted primarily to the raising of beef cattle.

Roads or pathways raised above surrounding low, wet, or uneven ground.

Dwellings that are made within natural caves or within caves that have been altered for habitation.

Large, subterranean, naturally formed chambers, with entrances from the surface.

Natural openings in the earth large enough for human exploration, the largest and most common being those formed by a chemical reaction between circulating groundwater and limestone or dolomite bedrock.

Rooms, often wholly or mostly below ground level, used for storage of food and often other items; for similar areas serving utility purposes or as living spaces, use "basements."

Single rooms usually housing only one person within a building having numerous similar rooms, as in a convent or in a prison.

Facilities for the manufacture of cement, which is a construction material that is an ingredient of mortar and concrete.

In general, areas used for burial or entombment. Specifically, typically refers to relatively large public parks or grounds laid out expressly for the interment of the dead, and not being the yard of any church. Originally the term was derived from the Latin "cœmeterium," referring to Roman underground cemeteries or catacombs.

Sepulchral monuments erected to a person or persons buried elsewhere.

The high-density cores of cities or towns, where activities are principally retail, commercial, service, and often governmental.

Large mounds of earth or debris that were constructed for ceremonial purposes, usually built by ancient peoples and sometimes with an unknown purpose.

Sites that are used for ceremonial purposes; often an ancient site, sometimes the purpose of which is unknown.

Structures built or used primarily or exculsively for ceremonies or related activities.

Fences made of heavy steel wire which is interwoven in such a way as to provide a continuous mesh without ties or knots, except at the ends.

Series of stores which belong to one firm, and sell the same type of merchandise. Series of stores which belong to one firm, and sell the same type of merchandise.

Refers to a series of chairlike elements suspended from an endless cable designed for carrying skiers up a slope.

Horizontal strips, usually of wood, affixed to walls at a height which prevents the backs of chairs from damaging the wall surface.

Use both for Swiss herdsmen's houses, usually of wood with exposed structural members and overhanging upper floors, and for any house built in the Swiss style.

Rooms appropriated to the meetings of deliberative, legislative, or judicial bodies; by extension, may also be used for the private rooms of judges.

Spaces in Christian churches containing the high altar and reserved for the use of the clergy. Includes the choir when present. Use "choirs" for the spaces in Christian churches, generally between the altar area and the nave, reserved for choristers.

Lighting devices designed to hang from the roof or ceiling having two or more branches, holding candles, burners, or lamps; often ornamental.

Feature that is relatively long and narrow and axially located in relation to the waterway, such as used to designate the deepest part of streambeds where the main current runs, or stretches of sea between two land areas and linking two seas.

Rooms or small buildings that serve as sanctuaries or places of Christian worship. A chapel may be used for private worship in or attached to a church, palace, house, prison, monastery, or school. It may alternatively be used for public worship of the established Church, subordinate to or dependent upon the parish church, the accommodation supplied by which it in some way supplements. The concept includes both freestanding chapels and rooms or recesses serving as chapels in churches or other buildings. The Latin "cappella" or the French-derived "chappelle" or "chapelle" are occasionally used for "chapel" in English texts. In its original meaning, the term referred specifically to the shrine in which the kings of France preserved the cape (cloak) of St. Martin.

Church buildings constructed within the bounds of a parish for the attendance of those who cannot reach the parish church conveniently.

Designates assembly halls for the business meetings of religious or fraternal organizations.

Continuous recesses or grooves built into walls to receive pipes, ducts, and other elements.

Large country houses in France, which prior to the 16th century were usually fortified.

Factories in which chemicals are created or manipulated, whether natural or synthetic.

Combination of apse, ambulatory, and usually radial chapels of a church, especially French Gothic.

Windows occupying the full width of a bay and divided into a large fixed sash flanked by a narrow movable sash on each side.

Buildings or rooms equipped with heated lamps and other equipment used to facilitate the incubation and hatching of chickens' eggs outside the environment of their mothers' nests.

Structures constructed for or used to house domesic chickens being raised for meat or to lay eggs. Traditionally the term refers to relatively small structures with areas for the chickens to sit on nests, eat, and drink, and having open access to a yard. The term may also be used to refer to large buildings operated by commercial enterprises, having large numbers of cages or other small enclosures that are each used confine one or two animals for long periods of time or their entire life.

Gardens designed for children, to teach them about ecology.

Hospitals specializing in the treatment of diseases and injuries of children.

Buildings housing collections of books, furniture, and other facilities that are specifically geared towards the needs of children.

Libraries containing collections specifically geared towards the needs of children.

Buildings housing museums with exhibits aimed at an audience of children and their education, for example, with texts written at a child's level of understanding and hands-on exhibits intended to maintain a child's interest.

Small houselike structures designed for children to play in.

Residential treatment centers, often in a rural setting, which provide medical and counseling services for children with emotional problems.

Zoos designed for the education and enjoyment of children and young adults, often including a petting zoo, animal shows, and exhibits of baby animals.

Chimneys containing a number of flues, especially when rising as shafts above a roof.

Vertical noncombustible structures containing flues for drawing off into the outside air products of combustion from, for example, stoves, fireplaces, and furnaces.

Cabinets, often with glass fronts and sides, used to hold and display china.

Chinese sections of large towns or cities, especially sea ports.

Festivals celebrated in China and other Asian countries, and elsewhere by people of Asian ethnicity or descent.

Gardens laid out to imitate those in China, often including Chinese-style structures; especially popular in Europe during the 18th century.

Galleries appropriated to a choir.

Refers to spaces in Christian churches, generally between the altar area or sanctuary and the nave, reserved for choristers. For spaces containing the altar area and the choir, when present, use "chancels." For elevated platforms from which a choir, often composed of laity, sings, use "choir lofts."

Camps run by a particular religious group and focusing on activities that promote the beliefs of the religion; church camps often cater to children, but may also include adults. The term is often distinguished from "religious camps," which often refers specifically to 19th-century camps for revival meetings on the American frontier.

Those who study the history of Christian Churches and their sects and branches.

Towers attached to churches.

Buildings for public Christian worship that are distinguished historically from chapels and oratories, which are buildings that are in some respect private, or not public in the widest sense. Church architecture generally somewhat follows standard models, which vary depending upon the date, location, and characteristics of the congregation.

Yards which belong to churches and are used as places for burial.

Inclined or vertical troughs or shafts, for conveying materials of any kind to a lower level.

Stores specializing in the sale of cigars and related tobacco products and smoking accessories.

Open spaces in rooms that allow for unencumbered movement within them. Circulation spaces can occupy a percentage of a room, or be constructed for the singular purpose of allowing free circulation. For outdoor pedestrian circulation pathways see terms collocated under "walkways".

Performances that include trained animal acts or exhibitions of human skill and daring, or both. Circuses usually include a trained, traveling company or troupe of performers, various animals, and their equipage. The term "circus" refers to the circular arena surrounded by tiers of seats below which the performance occurs in a circular area called the "ring."

Oblong ancient Roman enclosures that are curved at one end, with tiered seating on three sides, and built for chariot and horse racing. Meaning overlaps with similar structures in Greek cities of the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine eras, "hippodromes (Greek sports buildings)." For sports structures used for horse racing in more modern contexts, use "horse racetracks."

Artificial reservoirs for the storage of water, typically water-tight tanks in a high part of a building or underground for the capture of rainwater or water from another source.

Pieces of land within urban areas usually bounded on all sides by streets or other transportation routes, natural physical barriers, or public open space and not traversed by through streets.

Refers to the chief public administration buildings of a city, generally housing the mayor's office and legislative chambers.

Areas within a city where the principal governmental and cultural buildings are grouped; may also denote building complexes or individual buildings housing such a range of functions, especially when the construction was financed by municipal funds.

A set of orders of architecture, typically reserved for the five orders of architecture known in ancient Greece and Rome, usually including Ionic, Doric, Corinthian, Composite, and Tuscan.

Rooms devoted to formal instruction in schools.

Upper zones of walls rising above adjacent roofs and pierced by windows so as to admit light to a high central room or space flanked by lower rooms or spaces.

Homes built on ledges or dug into the rock in the vertical sides of mesas, bluffs, or cliffs. Examples are those of the ancient American Southwest.

High, steep ledges of rock.

Special ropes, usually of four strands of selected manilla long fiber and about 1 1/2 inches in diameter, designed for gymnastic climbing or as practice for mountain climbing.

Artificial surfaces designed to facilitate practicing rock climbing techniques, providing the climber with varying surface textures, grips, scale, and inclination.

Buildings that house healthcare facilities for outpatient care, often where patients receive treatment at reduced fees. The term also refers to facilities or hospital departments devoted to a particular group of diseases, such as a psychiatric clinic, neurology clinic, or surgery clinic, whether or not fees are reduced.

Healthcare institutions for outpatient care, often where patients receive treatment, often at reduced fees. The term also refers to hospital departments devoted to a particular group of diseases, such as a psychiatric clinic, neurology clinic, or surgery clinic, whether or not fees are reduced.

Rooms in which cloaks, coats, hats, or other outerwear garments may be placed, usually located near the entrance of a place of assembly and intended for short-term placement of the garments. The term may also refer to a space located in railway-stations, other transportation stations, or hotel, where luggage of any description is temporarily taken charge of.

Towers having the primary function to contain and prominently display a clock or clocks.

Open courtyards surrounded by walkways, especially in a group of buildings of a monastery or college.

Enclosed spaces composed of a garth and surrounding walkways, which are generally arcaded on the courtyard side and walled on the other; usually found in Christian religious building complexes. Use for such features in secular buildings only when closely resembling the prototype.

Areas where library and archival materials are housed, which are not open to users.

Small side-rooms or recesses in a structure, usually having a door, built or used for storing clothing, utensils, or provisions.

Stores in which the primary retail trade is the sale of ready-to-wear clothing and accessories.

Buildings occupied by a club or commonly used for club activities.

Private voluntary associations of persons for social and recreational purposes or for the promotion of some common object.

Sloping channels through which coal can descend, either on a small scale into the basement of a home or on a large scale in an industrial facility.

Excavations or systems of excavations for the extraction of coal, which is a carbon-rich fossil fuel.

Structures used for storing and loading coal onto vehicles.

Fortifications erected along seacoasts, as to prevent the passage of ships or to protect the land from attack.

Human settlements, ancient or modern, that exist along a coastline.

Buildings and other facilities located beside or near the water for the use of the coastguard, a military service responsible for the safety of maritime traffic in coastal waters.

Generally used either for the lines forming boundaries between land and sea or specifically for the lines reached by the highest storm waves or the high-water marks of median tides; for strips of land bordering any large bodies of water, use "shores (landforms)."

Pits or enclosed areas designed for cockfighting.

Public rooms, as in hotels, clubs, or restaurants, where cocktails and other drinks are served.

Small, usually inexpensive, restaurants with a limited menu of light meals served at counters or tables.

Public places serving coffee and other refreshments and inexpensive foods; often meeting places for lively political discussions, especially popular in Europe from the 17th to the 19th century.

Watertight enclosures from which water is pumped to expose an area in order to permit construction or repairs.

Ceilings treated with coffers. Ceilings treated with coffers.

Closed refractory chambers in which coal is converted to coke by carbonization.

Rooms kept at low temperatures for the storage of perishable items, such as food, or other items prone to deterioration or pests, such as film or archival materials.

Communities occupied and run by a group of people working in cooperation, often employed in farming, making crafts, etc.

Communities, typically small or medium-sized towns or cities, that have economies centered on a college and the college population.

Buildings or groups of buildings that house institutions of higher learning that provide general or liberal arts education leading to bachelor's degrees; may be independent or parts of universities.

Institutions of higher learning that provide general or liberal arts education leading to bachelor's degrees; may be independent or parts of universities.

Churches, other than cathedrals, endowed for a chapter of canons, or, as in the United States and Scotland, churches joined together and served by a joint pastorate.

Inhabited places established in areas that are newly colonized or under the rule of a colonial power.

Rows of columns supporting an entablature and often one side of a roof. Includes spaces behind such a feature when they are long and used for circulation.

Sculptured figures of extraordinarily large size.

In the discipline of architecture, refers to cylindrical or slightly tapering, vertical members made to either give support or to appear to give support. They usually comprise three sections: base, capital, and shaft. The term also refers to all uprights in steel frame or concrete frame structures. Columns may occasionally stand alone as a monument, for example in Trajan's Column in Rome or Nelson's Column in London. Columns may be used as decorative elements on furniture. For square or rectangular members, either in masonry construction or classically treated, and for massive uprights in Medieval architecture, see "piers (supporting elements)"; for wooden square uprights, see "posts." In the discipline of architecture, refers to cylindrical or slightly tapering, vertical members made to either give support or to appear to give support. They usually comprise three sections: base, capital, and shaft. The term also refers to all uprights in steel frame or concrete frame structures. Columns may occasionally stand alone as a monument, for example in Trajan's Column in Rome or Nelson's Column in London. Columns may be used as decorative elements on furniture. For square or rectangular members, either in masonry construction or classically treated, and for massive uprights in Medieval architecture, see "piers (supporting elements)"; for wooden square uprights, see "posts."

Buildings with toilets and lavatory facilities for public use.

Sculpture that serves as a memorial to beings or events, not necessarily in the context of gravesites.

Use broadly to refer to buildings associated with any aspect of the various activities and business relationships of industry and trade; when referring to structures associated with the purchase, sale, or exchange of goods in business, use "mercantile buildings."

Inhabited places such as cities, towns, etc. where a primary activity is business and trade.

Buildings or complexes constructed for or serving businesses, merchants, and other commercial purposes.

Designates groups of mostly commercial enterprises, usually a mix of fast-food restaurants, motels, and service stations, among others, arranged directly alongside well-traveled roads, providing nearly unlimited roadway access, and designed to attract the attention of motorists.

Stores selling food, equipment, and other merchandise, and often serving light meals, for people employed in a particular kind of work, such as at a film studio or military installation.

Structures designed for or containing organized markets where future delivery contracts for graded commodities (as grains, cotton, sugar, coffee, wool) are bought and sold.

Land that is owned collectively, by a government, or by one person, but over which certain traditional rights are in place for certain other people or the general public, for example grazing rights.

Public lounges or similar rooms in such places as hotels and colleges.

Expanses of land, paved or green, owned by the community as a whole.

Housing in which multiple individuals, couples, or nuclear families have some shared facilities (for example, laundry facilities or gardening services) but maintain primarily separate living spaces that have been constructed in quantity, either as multiple dwellings under one roof (such as in an apartment house) or in single units (such as a retirement community). When communal housing comprises separate buildings, the buildings typically have a uniform or coordinated appearance.

Self-supporting and self-governing communities comprised of small groups of people living together with minimal interference from outsiders.

Buildings designed or used for the equipment and personnel necessary for communications, such as telephone service.

Groups or bodies of people who live in the same place and are usually united by a common way of life, cultural or ethnic identity, or other factors. Usually reserved for smaller groups that have not organized into a village or town.

Buildings where members of a community are able to gather for social or cultural activities.

Buildings that house publicly funded higher education colleges, typically without residential facilities, serving the educational needs of a specific community. The term may also refer to buildings housing secondary schools or sixth-form colleges that make the spaces available to the local community out of school hours for educational and recreational purposes; typically British usage.

Areas of green space within communities or neighborhoods available for cultivation, usually by residents, and managed by local committees.

Buildings or spaces for museums that are founded, run or patronized by local communities, which serve the aspirations and educational needs of the community.

Organizations which contribute in varying degrees to a community. Community organizations may be non-profit, private-sector, or private for-profit organizations. They may have a broad constituency, such as a neighborhood council, or a more targeted constituency, such as a tenant's association. Organizations which contribute in varying degrees to a community. Community organizations may be non-profit, private-sector, or private for-profit organizations. They may have a broad constituency, such as a neighborhood council, or a more targeted constituency, such as a tenant's association.

Parks, usually over 20 acres in extent, offering a wider range of activities and considerably more open space than "neighborhood parks."

Buildings that house schools whose facilities and programs are closely connected with the life and needs of, and may be shared by, the whole community.

Educational institutions having facilities and programs that are closely connected with the life and needs of, and may be shared by, the whole community.

Buildings or spaces for museums that are administered by a company, often highlighting the history or products of the company.

Retail stores associated with and usually owned and operated by a company for the convenience of employees, who are often required to shop there.

Settlements whose inhabitants depend solely or chiefly on a single employer who also owns a substantial portion of the settlement's real estate and housing.

Aggregations of buildings, other structures, and/or open spaces, often multifunctional, and more extensive than single built works, usually shaped over a longer period of time by more participants.

Housing complexes typically of African origin, comprised of enclosed single or multi-unit family dwellings with communal spaces, adjacent outbuildings or structures.

Buildings or parts of buildings that house computer services available to public and private sector customers, possibly including data processing, system design, and web hosting. In modern usage, the term may also refer to retail businesses that sell commercially available hardware and software.

Locations that were or are the site of a concentration camp internment center.

Designates internment centers established outside ordinary detention systems in which persons are confined for military or political security or for punishment or exploitation; persons are generally imprisoned by decree or military order, often including classes or groups of people without regard for their individual culpability.

Model houses designed as experimental projects that explore ideas outside conventional building practices, provoking discussion and change regarding the direction of architecture.

Buildings designed for musical performances.

Open spaces or halls where crowds may gather, especially by chance coming together, as in a large railroad station.

Flat plates made of concrete and used as structural elements in architecture.

Buildings or complexes of buildings in which each unit is individually owned and ownership of common areas and facilities is shared.

Buildings for water storage and distribution.

Shops where sweet food tiems such as candy, cakes, light pastries, icing, and ice cream are produced or sold.

Rooms designed or adapted for the holding of conferences, with the room usually focused around a large table and chairs.

Artificial earthen mounds, usually burial mounds, that are round and dome-shaped, sometimes with a very narrow, pointed top. Such mounds were especially prevalent with early indigenous inhabitants of midwest North America.

Barns connected, often via intermediate outbuildings, to the main farmhouse.

In current usage, attached rooms in dwellings or other buildings, having glass wall panels and roofs, often constructed on the back or side of the building and used as a sun room or for growing indoor plants. Usage overlaps with “solariums,” which are typically rooms with large windows. In historical usage, meaning overlaps with "greenhouses," which are typically larger glazed structures devoted to growing and displaying plants.

Buildings that house schools formed by the merging of two or more public schools, usually at the elementary level and often in rural areas.

Places where construction is occurring, particularly construction of a building. For the more general meaning of a site where a building is or was located, whether or not the building is under construction, use "building sites."

Official headquarters of foreign ministers appointed primarily to oversee and protect the home country's economic interests in a host country; when such headquarters are for ministers called ambassadors appointed to transact matters of international policy and business with a foreign government, use "embassies." For the official residences of foreign ministers in general, use "legations."

Vast landforms that are connected or continuous mainland. Often used when referring to the continents of modern geography, but may also refer to former continents.

Buildings designed to meet the needs of continuing education programs, which focus on postsecondary instruction designed for adults.

Fixed bridges that extend without hinges or joints across three or more supports, making them capable of resisting bending and shearing forces at all sections throughout their length; continuous bridges are firmly supported in the perpendicular direction by piers and abutments.

Rooms containing control equipment, common examples being in broadcasting stations, auditoriums, and theaters.

Towers or other elevated buildings located at large and medium-sized airports and from which the movement of aircraft and other surrounding traffic is controlled by radio or other means. The control tower structures generally rise high above other buildings at an airport and have windows, tilted outward to avoid glare, circling the entire top floor to allow a clear view for air traffic controllers. They contain necessary equipment, such as radios, radar displays, computer systems for meteorological information and flight data, controllers' headsets, telephone systems, light guns for communication with aircraft via aviation light signals, and wind and pressure gauges.

Extensive built-up urban areas that contain some isolated rural areas and are formed by the merging together of cities or towns that formerly were separate. For more extensive or comprehensive clusters of urban areas, use "megalopolises."

Hospitals specializing in the care of people recovering health and strength after illness or injury, typically including provision for full medical care as needed, including professional doctor and nursing staff and diagnostic facilities.

Relatively small retail outlets located primarily near residential areas, maitaining long hours, and typically carrying a limited line of high-turnover packaged food and other products at high prices.

Building or complexes designed or adapted for the holding of conferences and conventions.

In common usage, the word "convent" is used for the facilities of a company of women living together in the discipline of a religious order and under one superior. For facilities for a company of males, use "monasteries."

Apartment houses owned and managed by a corporation in which shares are sold entitling shareholders to occupy individual units in the building.

Housing owned by a legal entity that permits a group of members to mutually own all, or agreed-upon parts, of the complex and to share mutually in the benefits derived by the group under provisions of the entity's rules.

Rretail outlets that are owned and operated by consumers for their mutual benefit based on open consumer membership, equal voting among members, limited customer services, and shared profits among members in the form of rebates generally related to the amounts of their purchases. The first consumer cooperative store was established in Rochdale, England, in 1844, and most are still modeled after the original principles.

Mines from which the primary extraction is copper, which is an element and reddish metal that is very malleable.

Structures used for seasonal exhibitions having to do with the harvest, often decorated annually with corn, grain, grasses, and the like.

Structures for storing corn, usually with slotted boards for ventilation, slanted walls for weather protection, and set on stilts to deter rodents. For similar structures made of small-diameter, rough-hewn logs and used variously for food or equipment storage or animal shelter, use "crib barns."

The projecting, uppermost features of classical entablatures; use also for similar features crowning a window or wall.

Buildings that contain the centers of strategic control for the entire corporation.

Inhabited place of any size that serve as the headquarters for one or more companies.

Malls or other arrangements of multiple corporate offices, generally for different companies, designed with pedestrian access between offices, and typically having only one story or a small number of stories.

Enclosures or pens for large livestock such as horses, or cattle or for wild animals such as elephants.

General term for buildings or groups of buildings in which people accused or convicted of breaking the law may be confined and which may or may not attempt some form of reform or rehabilitative correction of offenders.

Passages affording access and entrance to the rooms of a building.

A small house, usually of only one story.

Certain picturesque, small rustic houses, primarily of the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England, with an asymmetrical plan and wood siding.

Milling machines that separate the seeds, hulls, or foreign material from cotton.

Facilities for processing cotton and creating cotton fabrics, including spinning and weaving machinery. Such mills particularly flourished 1775-1930.

Low, outdoor stone seats built into the landscapes of gardens or parks and used as places for discussions, drama, dances and other social activities.

The domains or territories of counts. In current usage, usually refers to particular divisions that have been made to an area for administrative, judicial, and political purposes. In Britain, counties are defined by various official methods, and serve as the most important divisional units in the country. In the United States, counties are the political and administrative divisions below the state and above the city; a few U.S. states call such divisions "districts" or "parishes" rather than "counties."

Clubs, including the premises and grounds, that are located in or near the countryside rather than in an urban environment, and that are typically characterized by having a restricted membership and facilities for recreation and social intercourse.

Houses in the country as opposed to an urban area, especially houses that are large, have substantial property, and are used seasonally. For the entire residential estate, including the house, outbuildings, and properties, use "estates (residential complexes)."

Public buildings in the United States that house county-level judicial and administrative facilities; for structures that house similar functions in the United Kingdom, use "county halls."

Public buildings in the United Kingdom that house various county functions, often comprising a large hall for public meetings and rooms for county courts and administration; for structures housing similar judicial functions in the United States, use "county courthouses."

Buildings or spaces for museums that are administered by the county, an administrative subdivision in the U.S., the U.K., and other nations.

Museums that are administered by the county, an administrative subdivision in the U.S., the U.K., and other nations.

The seat of government of a county.

Two closely spaced windows which form a pair.

Buildings that contain rooms for courts of law and often judges' chambers and other offices.

Refers to rooms, usually in courthouses, where sessions of a court of law are held.

Quadrangular spaces either walled or otherwise marked off for playing one of various games usually with a ball.

Houses with internal courtyards of any configuration or design. For houses with internal courtyards having impluvia but no colonnades, use "atrium houses"; for houses with internal courtyards with colonnades, use "peristyle houses."

Uncovered areas, surrounded or partially surrounded by the walls of a building.

Timber-truss structures carrying a roadway or railroad track over a river or other obstacle, characterized by the roof and siding forming an almost complete enclosure to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. There is no evidence of timber-truss bridges, with or without covering, in the ancient world; however, drawings survive of covered bridges dating from the 14th century and later in Europe. In North America covered timber bridges were common in the 18th through early 20th centuries, although they were gradually being replaced by metal truss bridges, which required no covering.

Covered outdoor walkways.

Denotes small rounded indentations in a coastline, smaller than bays and generally characterized by a narrow entrance.

An enclosed building of relatively modest size used for sheltering or stabling cows or bulls. For a large structure used to shelter dozens or more animals, use "dairy barns" or "cattle barns." For a structure with at least one open side, use "cowsheds."

Towns that are market centers for cattle; also used to refer to isolated, provincial small towns.

Small spaces provided in a building in order to be able to gain access to plumbing, wiring, and other equipment.

Bodies of water, smaller than a stream.

Side-gabled vernacular buildings of simple massing, normally having their front walls moved inward to make an integral porch under a single steep roofline; the form was originally brought to Louisiana by French Canadian (Acadian) immigrants with a knowledge of long-span roof framing techniques.

Multiple dwellings composed of row houses whose facades in plan follow the concave arc of a circle or ellipse.

Generally very small barns comprised of one or more cribs or pens, constructed of small-diameter, rough-hewn logs serving various functions, such as food or equipment storage or animal shelter. For similar small wooden structures exclusively for storing corn, use "corncribs."

Facilities that provide emergency social services and temporary housing in times of personal or family crisis.

Gables set parallel to the roof ridge.

Towers over the crossings of churches.

Pairs of naturally curved timbers that rise from the ground or outer walls of buildings to support a ridge beam; joined at the top and connected by tie beams.

Subterranean rooms or entire stories in churches, often serving as places of burial.

Dead-end streets that have circular turn-around areas at their ends.

Public buildings, sites, or complexes set aside for activities related to the culture of an area, such as music, dance, drama, or fine arts.

Administrative bodies overseeing or promoting activities related to the culture of an area, such as music, dance, drama, or fine arts.

Designates land and water areas significantly altered or modified by human actions; used in contrast to "natural landscapes," that designate areas where human effects, if present, are not ecologically significant to the regions as a whole.

Heritage sites and the lands related to them committed to providing a cultural, recreational, and cultural resource for the public at large.

Historical itineraries such as the Silk Road across Asia or the St. James pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela recognized as heritage sites by administrative bodies such as the Council of Europe and UNESCO. Some are developed as scenic routes for cultural tourism.

Drainage structures that extend across and beneath roadways, canals, embankments, or traveled ways other than bridges.

Generally refers to small domes, often resembling overturned cups or bulbs, placed on a circular, polygonal, or square base or on small pillars or a glassed-in lantern or skylight. A cupola is typically used to crown a turret, roof, or larger dome. The term may also refer specifically to the inner vault of a dome. When these structures are intended to be used as lookouts, prefer "belvederes"; for windowed superstructures on roofs or domes used to admit light or air to the space below, use "lanterns (roof appendages)." To refer specifically to onion-shaped domes of any size, use "onion domes."

Shops that specialize in objects of art or bric-à-brac, valued as curiosities or for their rarity.

Nonbearing walls supported by the members of a rigid frame structure, such as a reinforced concrete or steel frame, and therefore serving to enclose but not to support. Nonbearing walls supported by the members of a rigid frame structure, such as a reinforced concrete or steel frame, and therefore serving to enclose but not to support.

Government office buildings where customs and duties are paid or collected and where vessels are recorded and cleared.

Country houses, summer houses, or villas in Russia.

Farm buildings, generally of the 17th to early 19th century, where dairy products are made and stored, usually supervised by country ladies. Distinguished from "dairy plants" by their lack of mechanization. For subsidiary agricultural buildings devoted primarily to the care of milk, whether mechanized or not, prefer "milk houses."

Relatively large structures for sheltering and milking dairy cows, typically with at least a few dozen stalls and milking equipment; for smaller structures to house only a few cows, use "cow house"; for large structures used to provide beef cattle housing, use "cattle barns"; for shelters with one or more open sides, use "cowsheds."

Farms chiefly devoted to the raising of dairy cattle and the production of milk, butter, and cheese.

Buildings built after the early 19th century, not found only on farms, for the mechanized processing, storing, or selling of milk and milk products. Distinguished from "dairies (non-mechanized)" by the use of mechanization. For subsidiary agricultural buildings devoted primarily to the care of milk, often with little or no mechanization, prefer "milk houses."

Raised indoor platforms at or along one end of halls or similar large rooms as places of honor or prominence, as would be reserved for dignitaries, officers, or speakers. For, usually smaller, indoor or outdoor raised platforms used by speakers or conductors, prefer "podiums (platforms)."

Barriers to confine, control, or obstruct the flow of water.

Large rooms or buildings set aside for dancing, but which may be used for other social functions. Distinguished from "ballrooms" by their less formal nature.

Rooms freed from light or lighted by a safelight for handling and processing light-sensitive materials.

Stones on which the date of the construction of a building is inscribed, located on the exterior of the building. Date stones may appear over the main entrance, on a cornerstone, or in other locations on the building.

Camps providing care and activities for children during daylight hours, usually including outdoor activities during warm seasons, but not including overnight housing.

Buildings housing professionally-run facilities that care for groups of preschool children on a partial or full-day basis, usually while their parents are at work, but differing from nursery schools in typically offering no formal education to the children.

Buildings housing educational institutions, usually elementary or secondary schools, where classes are held only on weekdays and that do not provide any boarding facilities.

Buildings that house places of detention primarily for debtors.

Truss bridges having the roadway or track on top of the trusses.

Uncovered wood or metal platforms, usually attached to structures and often raised off the ground or on rooftops.

Stores selling foods already prepared or requiring little preparation for serving, such as cooked meats, cheeses, and salads, to be taken out or to be eaten on the premises.

Alluvial deposits at the mouths of rivers commonly forming nearly flat, fan-shaped plains of considerable area traversed by many separate branches of water.

Small, private, informal rooms in houses or apartments used for work, reading, or relaxation.

Buildings that house clinics specializing in the examination and treatment of issues having to do with teeth and gums.

Spaces where teeth are examined, X-rayed, cleaned, extracted, cavities filled, and other minor surgeries are performed on teeth by or under the supervision of a dentist; they typically include a waiting room and a room or rooms with a chair and other equipment for the examination of patients.

Buildings that house schools devoted to training dentists.

Bands of small, rectangular, toothlike blocks, usually along the underside of a cornice; a characteristic ornament of classical and classicizing styles.

Large stores selling many different kinds of articles arranged in different departments or areas of the store.

Territories or other administrative bodies that are subject to the control of another nation, while yet remaining outside the official boundaries of that nation.

Buildings, lots, or other facilities where goods, materials, or vehicles are deposited or stored. For facilities where transportation vehicles stop along a route for the purpose of loading and unloading passengers or goods rather than primarily for the storage of vehicles or goods, use "stations."

Broad category of dry regions occurring where rainfall is less than 50 cm per year; usually barren and treeless.

Buildings providing permanent showrooms, galleries, or other display spaces for designers' work or for vendors of products for the design professions.

Studios in which one or more master designers create designs, supervise assistants, and instruct pupils.

Places of relatively short confinement for youthful offenders pending transfer or trial.

Areas designated, usually by a governmental agency, as appropriate for industrial and economic development, often to improve stagnant economies and bring employment opportunities into the region.

Embankments built along a river or sea and set at some distance from it to control or retain flood waters. For embankments built only to prevent flooding of low-lying land use "levees."

Restaurants originally built to resemble a railway dining car. They are sometimes prefabricated and often have a long, narrow floor plan; they are further distinguished by serving short-order menu items, and usually having a counter and booths at which customers may eat. They were originally often located along roadways, although today they may also be found in urban environments.

Small dining areas, usually extensions of kitchens or pantries; for such areas when they are extensions of living rooms, use "dining alcoves."

Use both for large dining rooms, as in a college, and for buildings containing a dining hall.

Rooms in private houses or public establishments in which dinner and other principal meals are taken and which are furnished for this purpose.

Schools serving or supported by an ecclesiastical diocese, often including training in theology.

Facilities where the distilling and blending of spirits is carried on, including processes by which evaporation of water and subsequent condensation of the alcoholic beverage is achieved.

Commercial buildings located regionally that combine large warehouse facilities with sales and office spaces.

Territorial divisions as for administrative or electoral purposes, or settlement areas with distinguishing characteristics.

Long narrow excavations, usually with sloping sides, dug in the earth for defense, drainage, or irrigation.

Barriers built across waterways to turn aside all or some of the flow from its usual course into a pipe, trench, or channel, as to bypass construction work.

Highways with a broad median strip extending down the center, designed to prevent collisions and headlight glare from oncoming traffic. Highways with a broad median strip extending down the center, designed to prevent collisions and headlight glare from oncoming traffic.

Artificial basins excavated and often built up with masonry or another material, and often fitted with flood-gates, into which boats or ships are received for purposes of landing, loading and unloading, or for repair. The earliest known docks date to ca. 2500 BCE in Egypt. The plural term is often used to refer to a single such artificial basin. When such spaces are unoccupied and are alongside a landing place, use "berths (waterfront spaces)"; use "slips (waterfront spaces)" when such water spaces are unoccupied and set between adjacent piers or perpendicular to landing places. Use "dockyards" for the group of landing places in ports or for port facilities as a whole. For the structures that surround a dock, excluding the space occupied by water, prefer "piers (marine landings)" or "wharves." For structures used for docking for various purposes, use "dry docks," "wet docks," or "floating docks." Distinguished from the structures, "docks (general waterside structures)," which in casual, modern usage may refer to any waterside structure supporting people or their activities.

Small houses or dwellings for a dog or a small number of dogs. For larger structures intended to house many dogs, use "kennels (animal housing)."

Houses in which two pens are separated by a passageway, and the whole is covered by a single roof. Originally constructed of logs, they may now be built from any material, the passageway being the prime characteristic of these houses.

Refers to passages, sharing a roof common with the rest of the building, connecting two parts of a log house of the American folk architecture tradition. Distinguished from "breezeways" by its folk architecture and log house context and its common roof.

Multipurpose boating structures consisting of a group of piles driven close together and bound firmly into a single cluster, placed at the entrance of a dock or along a quay, wharf, or beach.

Rounded vaults comprising spheres or portions of spheres sitting on circular, elliptical, or polygonal bases, forming the roof of any building or part of a building. They are constructed so that they exert equal thrust in all directions.

Refers to the architectural order characterized by columns generally without bases, relatively simple capitals, and a frieze composed of alternating triglyphs and metopes.

Structures projecting from a sloping roof usually housing a window or ventilating louver.

Buildings containing a number of rooms or suites that provide shelter in a communal environment, particularly those at a school, monastery, orphanage, or other such facility.

Buildings containing a number of rooms or suites that provide shelter in a communal environment, particularly those at a school, monastery, orphanage, or other such facility.

Rooms containing a number of beds and serving as communal sleeping quarters, as in an institution, fraternity house, or passenger ship.

Houses with separate dwelling units for two individual families placed side by side and separated horizontally by party walls. When the units are set one above the other use "duplex houses."

Religious houses for communities of both men and women, dwelling in contiguous establishments, united under the rule of one superior.

Roofs in which the common rafters rest on purlins which transfer the loads to principal rafters or trusses.

Roofs formed by the junction of two gable roofs with a valley between them, resembling the letter M in section.

Windows having two vertically sliding sashes, each closing a different part of the window; the weight of each sash is counter-balanced for ease of opening and closing.

Houses having two rows of rooms in each story of the floor plan, often with a corridor between the two rows.

Birdhouses, often quite large, for doves or pigeons, usually having small interior niches to facilitate nesting and breeding.

Core or central areas of cities or towns that are either the oldest areas of the city or the core business areas. The term is thought to derive from these areas, as the oldest areas, having the lowest street numbers; alternatively, term may derive from the development of New York City, where the oldest section is in the south, at the bottom of a map.

Movable bridges in which one or more span sections can be pivoted upward by means of chains, cables, or other ropelike devices; if the sections are pivoted by counterweights, use "bascule bridges."

Formal reception rooms, as in a home or hotel, or rooms to which one may retire for privacy or rest.

Rooms for dressing and the toilet, usually opening from a bedroom.

Spaces set aside for the planning and practice of military drills.

Buildings that house banks designed to allow customers to transact business, primarily to make withdrawals and deposits, from their automobiles. Customers typically pull up to a window on the bank building to access automated or human tellers without leaving their cars. Such banks typically also have interior spaces where customers may transact business during designated hours.

Restaurants optimized for customers to park and remain in their automobile for service rather than entering the building. They are usually characterized by having rows of sheltered parking areas to which restaurant staff bring food to customers seated in their cars. They usually have a limited menu of fast food, such as burgers and fries. There may be a microphone at each parking slot to allow the placing of orders.

Designates outdoor movie theaters designed to accommodate patrons viewing from their automobiles.

Restaurants designed and optimized to allow customers to drive automobiles alongside the building to take away fast food without exiting the cars. The design usually incorporates a window or microphone station where orders are placed from the cars, and a window where the food is delivered and paid for.

Refers to approach roads, usually private, for vehicles providing access to dwellings or other buildings.

Pointed arches with radii that are located within the span of the arch, whether or not the centers are above, at, or below the springing.

Folding testers, such as those found on a press bed.

Retail stores that include a pharmacy and often sell other articles, such as toilet requisites, stationery, magazines, newspapers, and light refreshments.

Long, smooth, cigar-shaped hills of glacial origin.

Enclosures or narrow, artificial basins that hold single ships, boats, or other watercraft, and from which the water may be pumped or let out to leave the vessel dry for the purpose of maintenance, repair, or shipbuilding. (Sometimes also used for building ships.). Dry docks are known in the historical record as early as the 10th century in China.

Masonry walls constructed without mortar.

Structures of relatively simple design, erected to aid in the drying by flowing air of, for example, food, textiles, hops, or bricks.

Ranches that provide entertainment for paying guests and tourists who wish to learn to ride horses or bulls, herd cattle, or do other activities associated with ranching.

Places where refuse, discarded excess materials, or temporarily useless products of human activities are deposited.

Hills or ridges of sand, typically in deserts, formed by shifting winds.

Subterranean rooms or structures that comprise strongly fortified cells or other rooms of confinement; the term originally derived from such areas below the keep or donjon of a castle.

Apartments with rooms on two levels.

Domestic structures with separate dwelling units for two individual families placed one above the other. When the units are placed side by side use "double houses."

Accommodations designed or adapted for residential occupancy, usually but not always intended for human occupancy rather than for animals. For hotels or other buildings intended for use by transients see "public accommodations" and its narrower concepts. For the locale which constitutes the center of an individual's domestic life, personal relationships, and interests, together with the feeling of comfort and satisfaction that it conveys, use "home (concept)." For the collective concept referring to types of living arrangements of a particular group, use "housing."

Dams using earth or rock as fill, utilizing natually available materials with minimum processing to construct embankments.

Designates certain Native North American dwellings framed by heavy timbers and covered with earth or sod and a dome-shaped arrangement of branches.

Structures that are surrounded by earth on all sides or on all sides except overhead, typically creating an almost invisible profile on the landscape and a green ideal in the savings of fuel and insulating materials. Structures that are surrounded by earth on all sides or on all sides except overhead, typically creating an almost invisible profile on the landscape and a green ideal in the savings of fuel and insulating materials.

Buildings and other architectural structures constructed wholly or primarily of earth. For engineering works, such as trenches, created in the earth, use "earthworks (engineering works)." For structures built on a hillside rather than into it, use "hillside architecture." For structures built under the surface of the ground, but not made primarily of earth, use "underground structures."

Formations made of earth, resulting from the grading, trenching, or embanking of earth for utilitarian or cermonial purposes. Examples include Medieval fortifications and ancient ceremonial sites in Britain and Europe. For earth constructions having more of an artistic, rather than functional, purpose, use "earthworks (sculpture)." For works considered architecture rather than engineering works, prefer "earthen architecture."

Artist works that manipulate natural earth and stone, altering the terrain of the land itself for artistic purposes. For large-scale outdoor works that otherwise exploit or incorporate aspects of their sites, use the more general term "environmental art." For the results of grading, trenching, or embanking earth, for utilitarian purposes, use "earthworks (engineering works)."

Parts or components of eaves.

Discipline that concerns the entire process of imparting knowledge, attitudes, skills, or socially valued qualities of character or behavior. For the specific activities involved in deliberately conveying knowledge, skills, or social values to others, use "educating."

Buildings, part of a building, or complex in which training or education takes place. It is not necessarily a formal school.

Groupings of educational buildings and other facilities; if possible, use a more specific term.

Complexes of schools, usually ranging from kindergarten through high school or two-year college, that draw students from a metropolitan area and are intended to minimize the effects of segregation.

Large earthworks formed in the likeness of birds and animals.

Bulk delivery points for electrical power, from which it is distributed to consumers.

Buildings that house schools providing the first stage of compulsory education, generally extending from grade 1 through grades 6 or 8 and teaching the rudiments of learning; may house a kindergarten.

Roadways raised about ground level by being supported on banks of earth, arches, pillars, or other structural elements.

Cars, cages, or platforms and associated machinery for the vertical conveying of goods or people to and from different levels.

Extensions that are at right angles to the length of buildings.

Long ridges of earth, rocks, or gravel primarily constructed to carry a roadway; if built to retain water, use "levees" or "dikes."

Refers to the official headquarters of foreign ministers called ambassadors appointed to transact international business with a foreign government; when such headquarters are for ministers appointed primarily to oversee and protect the home country's economic interests in a host country, see "consulates." For the official residences of foreign ministers in general, see "legations."

Buildings, groups of buildings, or relatively large areas within a building specializing in the prompt treatment of acute illness, trauma, or other medical emergencies, often having treatments for a broad range of illnesses and injuries. The term is distinguished from "emergency rooms," which tend to be smaller facilities or rooms attached to a general hospital.

Hospital areas equipped and staffed for the prompt treatment of acute illness, trauma, or other medical emergencies.

Buildings or parts of buildings housing facilities for use by the employees for activities not strictly required for the job, such as a break room, meeting rooms, lockers, human resources offices, etc.

Refers to open spaces, buildings, or other structures that are of historic or environmental significance and threatened with development or demolition.

Buildings that employ methods and systems aimed at making optimal use of electricity and other resources, including using the largest possible proportion of regional resources and materials, in contrast to the conventional, inefficient practice of providing for only minimal efficiency in use of energy and drawing materials and energy from distant, centralized sources.

Rectangular, gable-roofed barns divided on the interior into three roughly equal bays arranged widthwise rather than lengthwise, the center bay comprising a passageway entered from the long sides.

Floor of a building that is partially both below and above ground level, and lacking an entrance at that level.

Headdresses, usually of black fabric, characterized by a peak that projects above the forehead and is maintained by wires or a stiffened decorated framework; usually with embroidered strips that frame the face and either a fall of fabric that continues beyond the shoulders or two long pendant flaps that are sometimes pinned up at the sides; worn with an undercap by women from the late 15th to the mid-16th century.

Distinguished from "recreation buildings" by more narrowly designating buildings with devices or equipment for amusement or diversion and not active sports, nor for which membership is required.

Communities of any size that have entertainment as a major industry.

Passages or rooms just inside the entrance of a residence, but sometimes with a vestibule between it and the outdoors. Prefer "lobbies" for such spaces in larger public buildings.

Refers to points or places of entering.

Contemporary works of art, usually outdoors and on a grand scale, that surround or involve the participation of the viewer and that especially exploit or incorporate aspects of their sites. For such works that specifically manipulate the land itself, use "earthworks (sculpture)." For indoor installations that create surroundings that can be entered by the viewer, use "environments (sculpture)." For sculpture that is designed to be placed outdoors but is not especially site-specific, use "outdoor sculpture." For art that utilizes natural physical forces, biological organisms and processes, and performance to illustrate, question, and explain ecological and environmental issues, use "ecological art."

Laboratories where issues regarding the natural environment are studied and tested, including issues surrounding effective resource use, resource conservation, and environmental protection.

Areas having beneficial qualities to the surrounding environment or considered as natural assets to their region, typically including wetlands, flood plains, critical habitats of endangered species, and recharge zones of sole-source bodies of water.

Facilities offering equestrian training, board, and care, typically comprising race tracks, barns, stables, and veterinary hospitals. For schools where equitation is taught, use "riding schools."

Steep slopes in front of fortifications. Also, long, steep cliffs or slopes resulting from erosion, and which separate two comparatively level surfaces.

Large, usually commercialized, agricultural landholdings with associated buildings and other facilities. The term is often used for former European colonial land holdings, similar to plantations. For landholdings that are intended primarily or in large part as the residence of the private owner, even if there are crops and tenant farmers, use "estates (residential complexes)." Meaning and usage of "estates" overlap with "plantations," although plantations are usually larger enterprises than agricultural estates.

Landed properties, usually of considerable extent, which typically have a grand house and outbuildings, and which may, but not necessarily must, have certain land on which a crop is cultivated; may have tenants who operate the agricultural lands. For commercial agricultural lands, particularly those similar to plantations and located in European colonial areas, use "estates (commercial agricultural holdings)."

Category of marine body of water comprising areas where freshwater streams or rivers merge with the ocean. This mixing of waters with such different salt concentrations creates a very interesting and unique ecosystem. An estuary is usually a funnel-shaped stream mouth or embayment where fresh water mixes with sea water under tidal influences.

Cavities in the earth resulting from removal of soil and rock for purposes of building construction or archaeology.

Locations where there is digging or other uncovering of evidence of ancient life, including artifacts of human activity, fossils, frozen remains, or other preserved evidence.

In modern usage, buildings that house banks that specialize in the exchange of stocks and securities. The term historically refers to buildings in which the merchants of a town assemble for the transaction of business.

Buildings built or used exculsively or primarily for exhibitions, which are organized displays of works of art or other objects of human making. Exhibition buildings may be permanent facilities or temporary structures, as at a world's fair.

Buildings or outdoor facilities where research and experiments are carried out in a specific field, such as agriculture or mining, where practical applications are tested, and from where the results are disseminated. Distinct from "research stations" which are primarily for the observation of natural phenomena.

Divided multilane highways with a minimum of traffic signals where grades are separated at important intersections, although there may be some grade crossings; can be freeways or turnpikes.

Low dormers in a roof over which the roof is carried in a continuous curve. Low dormers in a roof over which the roof is carried in a continuous curve.

Refers to a building or group of buildings with the function of housing the action or process of making goods or producing anything, whether before or after the Industrial Revolution of the mid-19th century.

Designates industrial settlements purposely built by factory owners to attract workers to isolated or otherwise undesirable locations with a minimum of services.

Facilities for meetings, study, or recreation, reserved for the faculty of an educational institution.

Housing for staff, provided by an educational institution.

Temporary or permanant structures built or used for a fair.

Spaces where fairs, horse races, and other events are held, typically set aside by a city, county, or state for an annual fair. Fairgrounds often include exhibition buildings.

Refers to façades extending beyond, especially above, the dimensions of a building with the specific purpose of giving a more imposing appearance; for façades which exceed the height or width of buildings but not with that intention, use "screen façades."

Informal living rooms, often adjacent to the kitchen, where a family may gather.

Semicircular windows over doors or other openings with radiating bars giving the appearance of an open fan.

Chief dwellings attached to farms, particularly a dwelling for the family of a family-owned and -operated farm. Modern farmhouses characteristically comprise two stories with spacious, if modest, rooms and furnishings. Earlier farmhouses were characteristically one-story.

Land under cultivation or capable of being cultivated.

Complexes where plants or animals are raised for livelihood or commerce.

Yards or enclosures attached to a farmhouse or surrounded by farm buildings, used for airing livestock and other purposes. Yards or enclosures attached to a farmhouse or surrounded by farm buildings, used for airing livestock and other purposes.

Restaurants optimized for the fast filling of orders, typically focusing on take-away food and offering minimal or no table service. There is usually a limited menu; food is often cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot; and the restaurant usually belongs to a franchise operation that dictates both the menu and design of the restaurant.

Buildings housing prisons administered by a federal government, in the U.S., those managed by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Prisons.

Buildings that house banks that belong to the Federal Reserve System, which is the central banking system of the United States.

Roofless enclosures, barriers, defenses, or bulwarks, such as a railings, walls, hedges, or palisades constructed along the boundary of a field, park, yard, or another place for the purpose of defending from intruders, marking boudnaries, or keeping livestock or people within.

Series of fences or other barriers, usually metal or wood and substantial in size.

Designates waterlogged areas with pondweeds, reeds, and rushes and in which peat is accumulating but the water remains alkaline. Distinct from "bogs," in which the peat has reached a higher acidity.

Amusement devices consisting of a large power-driven wheel made in two parallel sections having seats suspended between them, the seats maintaining a horizontal position while the wheel rotates in a vertical plane. The first wheel was created by Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania bridge builder George W. Ferris for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair.

Complexes of shops, restaurants, kiosks, and pushcarts featuring music and other entertainment, generally built downtown to revitalize an urban center; coined in the 1970s.

Use both for buildings providing enclosed and unobstructed space adaptable for various physical education and recreation activities, such as track events and basketball, and for buildings housing equipment and dressing facilities for athletes; often located at or near athletic fields.

Open land as opposed to woodland or land occupied by buildings; for land appropriated for pasture or tillage, use "agricultural land."

Facilities that specialize in filtration of water, which is a method of purification that typically passes water through various filtering agents. Water filtration was developed for large scale implementation in 19th-century Germany. In slow-filtration methods, the water is allowed to pass through a deep layer of fine sand. In rapid-filtration plants, the water is treated with a coagulant, such as aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, or ferric sulfate, which flocculates particles; suspended matter to the bottom in sedimentation tanks and the water is passed at a relatively rapid rate through small beds of coarse sand. Heavily polluted waters may be chlorinated both before and after filtration. Aeration, involving the mixing of air with the water, is carried out if undesirable amounts of iron and manganese are present, since they are held in solution in water only in the absence of oxygen.

Communities of any size that have finance as a major industry.

Buildings that house institutions that provide financial services for clients or members, usually able to both accept deposits and make loans. Examples include banks, credit unions, savings associations, trust companies, and industrial loan and thrift companies. The interior space is typically optimized for a reception area and general office space, varying greatly depending upon the functions of the specific institution.

Institutions that provide financial services for clients or members, usually able to both accept deposits and make loans. Examples include banks, credit unions, savings associations, trust companies, and industrial loan and thrift companies.

Buildings housing firefighting apparatus and, usually, firefighters.

Towers, as on a mountain, from which a watch for fires is kept.

Facilities where fish eggs are hatched and the fry raised, especially to stock lakes, streams, and ponds. Facilities where fish eggs are hatched and the fry raised, especially to stock lakes, streams, and ponds.

Facilities or location where the harvesting of fish, shellfish, and sea mammals is carried out as a commercial enterprise.

Hydrographic features, including grounds, banks, or other watery areas, where fishermen go to catch fish. For places on land where fishermen gather, use "fishing spots."

Main buildings, typically located in a resort or park, and primarily serving tourists or sportsmen specializing in fishing.

Communities of relativelly small size that are located near a body of water and have economies centered on fishing.

Ponds containing small fish, often ones in which edible fish are raised for commercial purposes, or for stocking lakes and streams.

Outdoor trails equipped with a series of stations where joggers or walkers stop and perform exercises on the apparatus provided.

Windows or portions of window units that are designed not to open.

One-floor apartments, usually modest, each having an outside entrance; may also be used for buildings having a small number of such units and usually dating from the late 19th or early 20th century. Generally American usage.

Slender spires rising from the ridge of a roof, most commonly from the roof intersection over the crossing of a church; use "crossing towers" for more substantial structures such as a lantern between spire and roof.

Buildings designed with foundations floating in water or on platforms floating in water, rather than on foundations dug into the earth. Examples include houses with foundations on a river bottom constructed so that -- if the water level rises to flood stage -- the house and the foundation will float up with the water level; and various types of buildings constructed on floating platforms or islands in a body of water, such as a lake or sea. The term is also used in some disciplines to refer to very large ships containing the features and construction elements of a building.

Dams constructed to store floodwaters temporarily or to supply a surge of water, as for clearing a channel of logs.

Regions of land, usually bordering rivers, streams, or lakes, which are subject to excessive rainfall and short-term flooding of flat portions. Regions of land, usually bordering rivers, streams, or lakes, which are subject to excessive rainfall and short-term flooding of flat portions.

Dams, canals, and other structures designed to protect an area from flooding.

Shops or stores where flowers and other plants are sold and arranged.

Buildings equipped with machinery for grinding grain into flour.

Gardens devoted to the cultivation of flowers.

Artificial channels or troughs for conducting water, as for transporting logs or providing water power.

The spaces above the stage behind the proscenium, out of view of the audience, used during a performance for the storage of hanging scenery.

Exterior arched supports transmitting the thrust of a vault or roof from the upper part of a wall outward to a pier or buttress.

Structures characterized by a certain excess in terms of eccentricity, cost, or conspicuous inutility; often found in gardens or parks.

Facilities housing operations by which raw foodstuffs are made suitable for consumption, cooking, or storage.

Designates roadside eateries serving a limited menu at low prices, generally over a counter or through a window; may range from slight architectural structures to freestanding buildings.

Agricultural structures built for storing food.

Areas used for the game of football (American or gridiron football), in professional play having standard official dimensions of 360 x 160 feet (109.7 x 48.8 m), with a goal line near each end of the field, 100 yards (91.4 m) apart. Areas used for the game of football (American or gridiron football), in professional play having standard official dimensions of 360 x 160 feet (109.7 x 48.8 m), with a goal line near each end of the field, 100 yards (91.4 m) apart.

Generally narrow bridges for people and animals to cross on foot.

Hills or hilly regions at the base of a mountain or mountain range.

Narrow paths for pedestrians.

Refers to the upright stones placed at the foot of graves, that is, over the feet of the interred body, generally shorter in height than the headstone.

Courts forming an entrance plaza for a single building or several buildings in a group.

Areas of forest set aside and preserved by the government as a national park or preserve.

Historically, refers to wilderness areas outside the scope of common law but within the legislation of kings and reserved for royal activities; more recently, used to designate extensive wooded areas, whether maintained for the production of timber or unmanaged and preserving a wilderness of dense growth and wild animal habitats. For forests in the context of a plant community rather than as a cultural landscape, use "forests (plant communities)."

Plant communities that are dominated by trees and other woody vegetation. A typical forest is composed of the overstory and the understory; the understory may be subdivided into the lower tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer, moss layer, and soil microbes. Today forests occupy approximately one-third of the earth's land area. For forests in the sense of cultural landscape rather than as a plant community, use "forests (cultural landscapes)."

Gardens whose plantings, walks, pools, fountains, and other features follow a definite, recognizable plan, frequently symmetrical, emphasizing geometrical forms.

General term for any works made to oppose a small number of troops against a greater.

Small or rudimentary forts, especially in the Roman period.

Large, permanent, heavily fortified, defensive military positions, sometimes including a town. Larger and stronger than "forts."

Permanent fortifications for troops, often surrounded by such elements as ditches, parapets, and ramparts and often used as advance posts in or near hostile territory. Smaller and less heavily fortified than "fortresses."

In ancient Roman settlements, open spaces used as marketplaces or general public meeting places and places for judicial and public business. For similar spaces in ancient Greek settlements, use "agoras."

Refers to wet or dry defensive ditches, often associated with fortifications.

Buildings or other facilities where in which the founding of metal or glass is carried on, meaning these materials are cast or poured into molds.

Structures with apertures designed to allow water to spout or flow periodically or continuously, as for amenity or public access.

Houses generally characterized by a simple, two-story cubical block with a hipped roof, four roughly equal-sized rooms on each floor, and a symmetrical facade; often also having a one-story front porch and one or more dormers; popular in the United States from the 1890s to the early 1930s.

Meeting places of branches of fraternal organizations.

Bodies of men associated or formally organized into social, professional, or honorary societies for some common purpose or interest. Often used to refer specifically to social fraternities, which are local or national organizations of male college students and which typically have names composed of two or three Greek letters.

Dwellings in the United States owned and operated by societies for men for the benefit of their constituents and not open to the general public. They generally serve as a dormitory for fraternity members in a college or university setting.

Buildings that house privately run schools with programs organized as an alternative to traditional public or private schools, usually with a highly flexible or voluntaristic framework.

Tax-supported, high-speed, multilane highways; can be expressways or throughways.

Facilities owned and operated by a railroad for receiving, delivering, or dispatching freight.

A building or group of structures, generally a railroad facility, where freight is handled either using a physical track connection to a trunk line railroad or in an isolated location removed from the trunk line. There may be carfloat service, in which flat-topped barges are used, and freight storage facilities.

Formal gardens that emphasize large, open spaces with wall-like hedges, and enclosed garden rooms. French gardens also emphasize elements found in Italian gardens, such as elaborate fountain design.

Paintings made by the technique of fresco painting, which is a mural painting technique in which permanent pigments, dispersed in water, are painted on freshly laid lime plaster.

Plano-convex lenses thinned by reducing the convex side to a series of concentric rings of approximately the same focal length; when light passes through, it produces a smooth, soft-edged beam of light.

Buildings and other facilities for friars, a community of men who focus on the sacred ministry of preaching, moving from place to place (in contrast to monks).

Extended horizontal bands decorating architecture, furniture, or other objects and containing figures, scenes, inscriptions, or ornamental motifs. For the specific parts of classical entablatures, see "friezes (entablature components)."

Use both for naval ships of the late 18th and early 19th centuries generally fully rigged on three masts and armed with guns on one or two decks and designed for various battle functions, and for a contemporary class of small, medium-speed warships designed primarily for escort duty and having antiair, antiship, and antisubmarine capabilities.

Inhabited places established as an outpost or for another reason on the frontier of a nation, empire, or other ruling entity.

Refers to the central portions or features of entrance facades, given emphasis by a more elaborate architectural treatment.

Refers to textile mills where newly prepared woolen yarn or cloth is processed for tailoring and use; the wool is laundered, teased, beaten, and/or pressed and thickened using a wooden frame.

Rooms or separate structures devoted to funeral services in funeral homes. For chapels intended to permanently contain individual or family tombs, use "sepulchral chapels."

Buildings housing facilities for the preparation of human remains for burial or cremation and for formal viewing of and services for the deceased. Although meaning overlaps in common usage, they are often distinguished from "mortuaries," which do not typically have rooms or areas for formal viewings and services.

Art produced for rituals commemorating the dead and for art produced as an individual expression of grief.

Buildings associated with pre-burial ceremonies or buildings for the dead erected at burial sites.

Spaces in which furniture is arranged to be inspected and sold. These may be designed to resemble domestic or office environments in which the furniture would be used.

Baskets or cages filled with earth or rocks and used generally for support or abutment, especially for erosion protection; may also be used for military works, flood control, harbor works, dams, and foundations.

Dormers with a roof terminating in a gable. Dormers with a roof terminating in a gable.

Houses in which the principle gable end faces the street or front of the lot and usually contains the front door.

Originally referred to a distinctive type of arcade of shops in Italian cities, descendents of the ancient stoas. Now refers to covered shopping malls that architecturally resemble or were inspired by Italian gallerias. The term is also used to describe areas of a department store that are designed so as to appear to contain a number of separate shops.

Spaces set aside, as in museums, for the display of objects in a collection.

Substantial interior spaces at the level of an upper story that overlook the level below and usually extend the full length or width of a room. For railed platforms projecting from the exterior walls of buildings or small, similar interior features, use "balconies." For floor levels in a church above the aisles and open to the nave, use "tribunes (stories)" or "triforiums."

Substantial interior spaces at the level of an upper story that overlook the level below and usually extend the full length or width of a room. For railed platforms projecting from the exterior walls of buildings or small, similar interior features, use "balconies." For floor levels in a church above the aisles and open to the nave, use "tribunes (stories)" or "triforiums."

Recreation buildings equipped with gambling devices and often providing other forms of entertainment and restaurant facilities; for similar buildings but which lack gambling devices, use "casinos."

Curb roofs with only the two opposite sides sloping.

Recreation rooms devoted entirely to table games.

Rooms devoted to gambling.

Low places located in ridges, and not used for transportation.

Buildings or parts of buildings where motor vehicles are parked or housed, usually temporarily; for buildings that sell gasoline, lubricating oils, and other merchandise for motor vehicles, use "service stations."

Ground-floor apartments with access to gardens, or the two- or three-story apartment buildings with communal gardens generally located in the suburbs.

Cities or sections of cities newly planned to incorporate large tracts of green spaces, to control internal growth and development, and to separate industrial and nonindustrial activities. Distinguished from "garden suburbs" by their larger size and urban location.

Clubs which promote civic beautification, conservation, and historic preservation. Historically organized by women.

Particular arrangements of vertical elements of a building as seen by observers from the garden view.

Ornamental, usually open, structures in gardens used for dining, viewing, or relaxing.

Light, sometimes ornamental, structures in gardens, parks, or places of recreation that are used for entertainment or shelter.

Structures usually associated with or located in gardens or similarly landscaped grounds.

Suburbs designed to incorporate large tracts of green spaces and to control internal growth and development with an emphasis on residential communities. Distinguished from "garden cities" by their smaller size and location outside urban centers.

Walkways through gardens, typically narrow.

Area of ground or open space where flowers, shrubs, trees, vegetables, or fruits are grown and cultivated.

Waterspouts carved into grotesque figures and projecting from the roof gutters of buildings.

Houses whose second story projects beyond the first story, usually on the facade.

Wells tapping a supply of natural gas.

Power plants in which gas is burned, with compressed air or oil, to run steam-driven turbines that produce electrical energy.

Use to describe large cylindrical or spherical tanks containing gas used for fuel.

Plants where heating and illuminating gas are manufactured.

General term used to group types of gates or gateways.

Discrete housing complexes closed off to nonresidents by gates and fences or walls; may or may not also have guards or other surveillance and security installations.

Structures at, near, or over entrance gateways, usually containing a gatekeeper's dwelling. For subordinate buildings on the grounds of estates or parks used as the dwellings of employees, such as gatekeepers, but not located at entranceways, prefer "lodges (caretakers' houses)."

Swinging or sliding barriers used to fill or close a gateway between two spaces or placed within a wall or fencing, often exterior and often made of a grating or open framework or forming a heavy or rough structure. For barriers of more solid and finished construction and usually leading to interior spaces, use "doors."

Passages through fences or walls separating two exterior spaces, or the structures or ornamental constructions enclosing such passages.

Small structures, usually roofed and open-sided, located in gardens or parks from which one may gaze out over the surrounding grounds.

Hospitals that are not restricted to patients suffering from one particular class of disease or to those of a particular sex or age-group.

Retail stores, usually in small or rural communities, that sell a wide variety of merchandise, including food, but are not divided into departments.

Entrance halls or porches through which one enters a Japanese building and is greeted by the host, removes one's shoes, etc. Historically, this term referred only to alcoves found in Zen temple buildings, but now the term is used to refer to any entry alcove. These areas are often decorated with screen paintings.

Structures consisting of numerous similar, light, straight-line elements (usually in tension) which form a grid in the shape of a dome.

Formal gardens that employ a geometric design.

Designates once-flourishing settlements recently abandoned primarily due to dramatic economic decline or exhaustion of local natural resources; generally the buildings remain standing but in a state of deterioration.

Bridges whose superstructure consists primarily of girders.

Very large bodies of ice moving slowly down a slope or valley or spreading outward on a land surface.

Studios in which one or more master glassmakers create works, supervise assistants, and instruct pupils.

Small, narrow, and often secluded valleys usually with steep sides and flat bottoms; originally restricted to the mountainous areas of Scotland and Ireland.

Mines from which gold is obtained.

Canon of proportion based on the ratio between two unequal parts of a whole when the proportion of the smaller to the larger is equal to that of the larger to the whole.

Recreation complexes where golf is played, comprising golf courses, clubhouses, and associated facilities and often restricting use to members.

Designates residential communities designed around golf courses.

Outdoor area where the sport of golf is played, consisting of a teeing ground, fairway, rough, hazards, and a series of greens containing the 18 holes into which the ball is hit sequentially.

Open freight cars, commonly with low sides, for transporting bulk goods, as coal or steel, not requiring weather protection.

Monumental barrel-roofed temple gateways or gate towers of South Indian temples or temple enclosures. These evolved from the form of vimanas, but with a passageway incorporated through the center of the structure. gateway, with śālā (Valabhī) type of superstructure; gate-house (Dravidian and early Indian in general)

Deep, rocky land depressions with steep sides, larger than ravines, with a river or stream at the bottom; distinct from "canyons," which tend to be larger and less rocky.

Designates buildings with office space for various departments or branches of government as well as space for public access to government officials.

Buildings comprising large, deep, and narrow storage bins and mechanical conveying systems for the receiving, weighing, storing, and discharging of large quantities of grain.

Storehouses or other repositories for grain, especially after it has been threshed or husked; sometimes also used to store corn.

Large, luxurious, and well-equipped hotels featuring distinguished architecture, which are designed to present travelers with an experience reminiscent of the ambiance of life in European palaces. Usage is generally restricted to buildings erected from the mid-19th to early 20th century.

Structures, often with roofs and tiered platforms, for spectators to sit or stand on while viewing sporting events or other spectacles or performances.

Designates local meeting places for members of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, known as the Grange.

Areas dominated by grasses rather than large shrubs or trees. One of the earth's six major biomes.

Excavations from which gravel or sand is or has been obtained, particularly excavations where the holes have been dug vertically into the surface.

Excavations in the earth used for burial of a deceased human, sometimes of animals; for constructions raised over or around burial sites, use "tombs."

Common grounds for the interment of bodies, particularly relatively small grounds belonging to a church or small community.

Dams that resist water pressure by their own weight.

Large, multistory, multiroom complex dwellings of the Ancestral Puebloan and Hohokam periods, mostly dating from 950 to 1150 CE; distinguished from "pueblos (housing complexes)" by their often D-shaped outline, cohesive planned design, and location in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, and parts of Arizona.

Permanently reserved zones of land around and between cities.

Structures enclosed by glass and devoted to the cultivation and protection of plants out of season, usually free-standing but may be attached to another building. Greenhouses may be small or very large. For rooms attached to houses and used as sun lounges or for growing indoor plants, prefer "conservatories."

Grassy, public open spaces near the center of a town and used for a variety of community functions, found especially in New England and Mid-Atlantic states.

Landscaping section comprising turf on which grass is growing.

Ribbons of protected lands and waters, primarily within or near cities, established to provide the public with access to open spaces that mitigate the hard edges and overdeveloped landscapes of urban areas.

Stores that sell food and some nonedible household goods.

Long, narrow, permeable or impermeable protective structures built out from a seashore to check or increase erosion. For similar structures located along a river or stream bank, use "wing dams"; when such structures are built to control shoaling, use "jetties (erosion protection works)."

Refers to artificially constructed garden features, common since the 16th century in French and English landscapes. A grotto is characterized by being an excavation or structure made to imitate a rocky cave, often adorned with shell-work, colorful stones, etc., and serving as a place of recreation or a cool retreat. For natural features, use "caves" or "caverns."

Delimited portions of land, usually as lawn, plantings, or left natural surrounding and belonging to a house or other building. Grounds serve chiefly for ornament or recreation. Grounds may be enclosed; they may include gardens.

Relatively small dwellings containing two or more living units for people not of the same family or household, where each dwelling does not necessarily have a full range of residential facilities so that residents must share certain common areas, such as a kitchen, bathroom, and sitting room. Examples include dwellings used as temporary transitional residences. Distinguished from larger "multiple dwellings," which contain relatively complete residential units for multiple households within a single building or complex that has a smaller number of common areas, such as a laundry room.

Residential dwellings that are single housekeeping units, provide care for small groups of unrelated residents requiring supervision, and are intended to reproduce the circumstances of family life; for temporary residences of former convicts, drug users, or mental patients awaiting a return to society, use "halfway houses."

Groups of trees, often of a single species, smaller than forests in extent, growing naturally or planted in formation, and generally with little or no undergrowth.

Buildings for the shelter or accommodation of military guards, sometimes in which prisoners are temporarily detained under guard.

Rooms for the accommodation of guards while on duty.

Rooms in dwellings set aside or otherwise intended for temporary use by guests and usually not regularly used by household members.

Separate residences for guests, particularly when on a private estate or monastery and maintained specifically for receiving visitors.

Military bases for the storage and deployment of guided missiles, which are self-propelled projectiles used as weapons, including but not limited to long-range ballistic missiles.

Posts, usually mounted on the roadside or at intersections, bearing a sign or signs for the guidance of travelers.

Buildings belonging to and for the assembly of members of crafts, trades, or merchants' guilds.

Large inlets of the sea, usually more enclosed and more deeply indented than bays.

Small, commonly V-shaped channels carved in the land by fluvial action and through which water flows only occasionally or seasonally.

Buildings designed and equipped for indoor, or, in antiquity, indoor and outdoor, sports, exercise, or physical education and training and usually including changing rooms and bath or shower facilites; in ancient Greece, often combined with educational facilities; generally larger than "palaestrae."

Large Spanish landed estates common to 17th century Seville used as farms, or ranches. Also applies to Spanish-American estates and the main building of such a complex.

Temporary residences of former convicts, drug users, or mental patients that serve as a transition environment between confinement and a return to society; for long-term residential environments, which reproduce the circumstances of family life for persons requiring continuing supervision due to special needs, use "group homes."

Churches with side aisles as high or nearly as high as the nave; popular in Germany.

Houses containing a large central space as the principal ground floor or upper floor living area; normally restricted to Great Britain where in early examples the halls were usually open to the roof, and in later examples the halls, similar in position and function, had ceilings. For the main residential buildings of farms or large estates, prefer "farmhouses" or "manor houses" when emphasizing the buildings' function.

In general refers to rooms large in proportion to rooms for domestic functions, circulation, or storage; may be used specifically for the principal rooms of a Medieval house and for large central rooms from the 19th century onward in certain English and American houses.

Buildings set aside to honor outstanding individuals as in a profession, locality, or nation.

Small rural centers which contain basic community, education, and religious facilities and which generally do not exceed 250 residents; may also refer to the smallest incorporated units of a municipal government.

Courts marked for playing American handball and that include at least one smooth wall.

Structures for the shelter, service, and repair of aircraft.

Well-sheltered inlets of water affording protection from wind and sea and sufficient depth to allow anchorage for vessels.

Originally referred to ironmongery shops, where tools made of iron were sold and often also made. Today the term refers to shops or stores that sell tools and other items and products needed for home maintenance and repair, such as hammers, saws, nails, plumbing supplies, paint, insecticides, etc.

Refers generally to houses seeming to be inhabited by ghosts or other apparitions.

Upper-story storage spaces for hay in stables or barns.

Parts of railroad passenger terminals providing accommodations for persons waiting for trains.

Refers to the upright stones placed at the head of graves, that is, over the head of the interred body, generally the site of an inscription noting the name and life and death dates of the deceased.

Gardens designed to improve or maintain the physical and mental health of the ill or injured, including gardens serving as clinical tools in horticultural therapy. For gardens designed for use by the handicapped or the elderly, use "enabling gardens."

Establishments offering facilities for exercise and active physical conditioning, whether or not on a membership basis.

Buildings, other structures, and complexes of structures whose primary function is health care.

Resorts specializing in maintaining or improving the health or rejuvination of its clients, often including dietary and exercise instruction, bathing in mineral waters, breathing of fresh air, and formerly, extended exposure to sunshine (which was formerly considered healthy). Resorts specializing in maintaining or improving the health or rejuvination of its clients, often including dietary and exercise instruction, bathing in mineral waters, breathing of fresh air, and formerly, extended exposure to sunshine (which was formerly considered healthy).

Assemblies of interrelated equipment designed to provide heat to buildings and other structures.

Plantings of bushes or woody plants in a row as a formal element of a landscape or as a barrier.

Sacred temples of worship of native Hawaiian people, typically rectangular in shape and situated on hill tops or mountain slopes. Heiaus have carved designs of deep symbolism. For similar structures from East Polynesia, use "maraes."

Designates helicopter takeoff and landing surfaces, usually without commercial facilities.

Roofs of four steeply pitched faces, forming a spire; the four ridges rise from the peaks of four gables, the roof faces being set diagonally in relation to the gable faces.

Vernacular British structures of uncertain construction and purpose, possibly temporary and made of wood with an earthen floor and used for storage of produce, equipment, or animals, popular from the 16th to the 19th century.

Rooms or divisions of rooms that are semicircular in plan.

Designates circular areas bounded by a ditch and an enclosing embankment, the whole usually surrounding a circle or circles of standing stones or wood posts. For prehistoric circular enclosures of well-spaced large upright stones only, lacking bordering features, use "cromlechs."

Gardens in which primarily herbs are grown, often for flavoring food or making perfumes and medicines. For buildings or areas within buildings containing a systematically ordered collection of preserved plants, use "herbaria."

Organized and labeled trails laid out to follow points of interest concerning the local history of a region.

Dwelling places of solitary hermits or of groups of religious in a relatively secluded setting.

Buildings housing schools forming the third level of (usually compulsory) education for children, entered after elementary school and middle or junior high school; differing by school district in grades covered.

Educational institutions for the third level of (usually compulsory) education for children, entered after elementary school and middle or junior high school. The grades or forms included in high schools vary by location, but often include grades 9 to 12. If the school district has no middle or junior high school, high school may include grades 7 to 12.

Buildings over nine or ten stories and served by elevators, especially when such buildings stand out in a skyline.

Refers to major, high-speed, high-capacity roads between urban areas. The original meaning of "highways" referred to Roman roads that were raised above the ground level; for this meaning, use "elevated roads."

Hill top resorts and places of refuge, especially in Asia, built by colonial administrators as an escape from the hot climates or politally unstable conditions.

Settlements situated on a hill.

Small hills, small elevations in the earth's surface, or small mounds or heaps of earth or stones.

Oblong enclosures curved at one end and built for horse and chariot racing, usage is typically restricted to such structures in Greek cities of the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine eras; meaning overlaps with similar structures in ancient Rome itself, "circuses (Roman arenas)." For sports structures used for horse racing in more modern contexts, use "horse racetracks."

Buildings that are significant in the history of architecture, that incorporate significant architectural features, or that played significant historic roles in local cultural or social development; may or may not be officially designated. For buildings that are abandoned but not considered necessarily historic, use "abandoned buildings."

Former administrative or electoral districts that have been designated by a modern governing body as being culturally or historically significant, or embodying distinctive characteristics of a period, method of construction, or inhabitants. For historic areas of a city or town, use "historic quarters."

Farms that are considered historical because they preserve methods of rural life and farming from past centuries, whether for tourists, historical preservation, or to produce crops or livestock. For former farms that have been abandoned, use "abandoned farms."

Gardens designed to reflect a period in history, either in form or through the use of heirloom plants.

Houses with historical importance locally, regionally, or internationally that have been restored and opened to the public as museums.

Museums in houses with historical importance locally, regionally, or internationally that have been restored and opened to the public.

Houses with architectural, social, or cultural significance; may or may not be officially designated.

Cultural landscapes that are significant in the history of landscape architecture or gardening or that were developed as a result of historic use of natural features; includes shaped areas of land and sometimes structures.

Refers to monuments with local, regional, or international political, cultural, or artistic significance.

Parcels of land with historic significance due to historic events, architectural, engineering or archaeological activities, etc.

Towns designated by a governing body as being culturally or historically significant, or embodying distinctive characteristics of a period, method of construction, or inhabitants.

Areas containing properties and buildings of historical significance, and extending to include significant natural features as well.

Groups formed to study and disseminate information about the history of a place, usually a town, city, county, or state; such groups often maintain a museum or research institute.

Buildings housing museums administered by a historical society, which is a group formed to study and disseminate information about the history of a place, usually a town, city, county, or state.

Buildings for any of a wide variety of museums where collections are amassed and typically presented to give a chronological perspective of the history of a city, town, region, group of people, etc.

Any of a wide variety of museums where collections are amassed and typically presented to give a chronological perspective of the history of a city, town, region, group of people, etc.

Fixed posts to which horses can be fastened to prevent straying.

Enclosed buildings for keeping hogs, usually with pens and other facilities for breeding.

Navajo single-family dwellings, generally low and roughly conical, usually constructed of logs and sticks covered with mud, sod, or adobe.

Any mechanical devices for lifting loads.

Small valleys.

Workspaces in the home set aside exclusively for income-producing businesses; for reading and writing spaces used for household accounting or recreational purposes, use "studies (rooms)."

Long-term care facilities, originally for the older segment of the population and now generally restricted to those over 80 years old, in which some medical care is offered, but is not a major component of the care available to residents.

Lots or portions of land sufficient for and intended to be used or currently being used as the site of a house.

Designates the dwelling, land, and outbuildings, if any, where a family lives.

Top-loading, bottom-discharging funnels or storage bins, as for crushed stone, sand, or food stuffs.

Distinguished from "stables" by their barnlike appearance and their use as housing primarily for farm stock, feed, and associated maintenance equipment.

Farms primarily engaged in the keeping, feeding, or breeding of horses for by-products, livestock increase, or investment.

Racetracks designed or used for horse racing. For ancient Greek or Roman oblong structures designed for horse and chariot racing, use "hippodromes (Greek sports buildings)" or "circuses (Roman arenas)" respectively. Racetracks designed or used for horse racing. For ancient Greek or Roman oblong structures designed for horse and chariot racing, use "hippodromes (Greek sports buildings)" or "circuses (Roman arenas)" respectively.

Describes structures devoted to the cultivation of plants.

Lodging places providing a variety of amenities for travelers and often maintained by a religious order.

Divisions, floors, or rooms of hospitals for a particular type or group of patients.

Buildings housing institutions that are built, staffed, and equipped for the diagnosis of disease, for medical and surgical treatment of the sick and the injured, and for their housing during this process. The modern hospital also often serves as a center for investigation and for teaching.

Buildings that house establishments, often charitable institutions, for the reception, housing, and care of pilgrims, travellers, or the needy. The term was originally reserved for the similar establishments of the Knights Hospitallers.

Institutions that are staffed and equipped for the diagnosis of disease, for medical and surgical treatment of the sick and the injured, and for their housing during this process. The modern hospital also often serves as a center for investigation and for teaching.

Public houses of lodging for strangers and travellers, typically distinguished from an inn or hotel by being inexpensive and providing communal accommodations, with several beds in a single room and shared bath facilities.

A spring whose water is much warmer than the surrounding air because it has been heated by geothermal energy.

Large bath structures filled with hot aerated water, originally made of wood but more frequently constructed with plastic or fiberglass impregnated with resin. Typically used for recreation or physical therapy.

Buildings where travellers or tourists are provided with overnight accommodation, meals, and other services; often distinguished from inns and other forms of temporary lodging for travellers by their larger size and range of facilities, in modern times often equipped with a restaurant, bar, conference rooms, and leisure facilities.

Dwellings that house humans and livestock under a single roof. Housebarns include rectangular buildings sheltering animals and people at opposite ends, often with a common entry, and two-story buildings with people living on the top story and livestock below. Such houses have been used since the Neolithic period, especially in the colder climates of Europe and North America.

Individual dwellings designed to be occupied by a single tenant or family. May also refer to a building for human occupation, for some purpose other than that of an ordinary dwelling; with this usage, "house" is generally prefaced (e.g., "cowhouse," "almshouse").

Buildings that house institutions of confinement and correction, using hard labor and strict discipline with a view to reformation of the inmates; especially those dating to the 16th century and later in Europe and colonial America. For general reference to buildings housing any institution of correction, use "correctional institutions (buildings)."

Collective concept referring to the types of living arrangements of a particular group. For the specific structures or groups of structures designed for these arrangements, use the descriptors collocated under "dwellings", <housing complexes>, or "settlements."

Buildings or complexes providing housing and related facilities.

Commercially developed real estate tracts commonly consisting of one- to four-unit dwellings.

Housing designed or used primarily for people over 55 years old.

Planned residential developments, generally publicly built and operated, intended for low- and moderate-income tenants.

Planar trusses of various configurations in which the diagonal members are in compression and the vertical members are in tension; when the diagonals are in tension and the verticals are in compression, use "Pratt trusses."

Operational centers of any size used for activities surrounding hunting; may be contemporary or prehistoric.

Temporary residences used during hunting trips.

Simply constructed or small and humble dwellings, generally of natural materials.

Dams built on rivers to harness the energy of waterpower to produce electricity.

Power plants in which electricity is produced using the energy of flowing water.

Use to designate the elements connecting the central block with the outlying wings of a building of five-part Palladian form.

Houses that are generally two-story, one-room deep, and which have a thin profile. Prominent in England, they became particularly popular in the American mid-Atlantic states from 1700-1915, and symbolized rural prosperity.

Establishments where ice cream and ice cream based drinks are sold, generally with a counter for seating. The first ice cream parlor opened in New York City in the late 18th century.

Bounded areas of ice suitable for skating, usually artificially frozen and enclosed.

Specially insulated and ventilated agricultural buildings, increasingly popular after the mid-19th-century rise in dairy production, for the storing of ice blocks.

Eskimo houses usually made of sod, wood, or stone when permanent or of snow blocks in the shape of a dome when built for temporary purposes.

Palaces housing an emperor, and often his family, members of the court, and servants.

Pits, tunnels, or open-air excavations originally made for underground extraction of metals, metallic ores, coal, or another substance, that are now not used or abandoned.

Tracts of land set aside, usually by the United States government or a single US state's government, for the use of one or more native North American peoples.

Swimming pools enclosed by a building or other structure and covered by a roof.

Indoor spaces, usually oval in plan and having special floor surfacing, designed for running or jogging; for similar recreation spaces outdoors, use "running tracks."

Field of archaeology dealing with the sites, structures, and artifacts of the industries and processes of industrialization of former times.

Refers to buildings or groups of buildings intended to house the machinery and activities associated with modern industry and machine manufacture that arose after the Industrial Revolution, beginning in the mid-19th century.

Use generally for any grouping of diversified industrial buildings and related facilities.

Refers to areas set aside for or occupied primarily by buildings that house industrial activities.

Housing provided by an industry to its employees.

Landscapes significantly altered or modified by industry.

Industrial buildings or complexes converted into museums or as part of museums.

Museums located in industrial buildings or complexes that have been expressly converted into a museum.

Refers to areas zoned and planned for so-called clean industries, developed and managed as a unit, where plots are offered fully equipped with transport and installation facilities, often already including a number of multi-use buildings.

Refers to the land, buildings, machinery, apparatus, and fixtures used to carry on a trade or an industrial business, which can include a factory or workshop for the manufacture of a particular product or the total facilities available for production or service. There is some overlap in usage of this term with "industrial buildings," "industrial complexes," and "factories (structures)."

Building sites upon which one or more industries are planned or located. For a grouping of industrial buildings, use "industrial complexes" or "industrial parks."

General term that groups all structures built for the purpose of industry. For buildings or groups of buildings intended to house the machinery and activities associated with modern industry and machine manufacture that arose after the Industrial Revolution, beginning in the mid-19th century, use "industrial buildings."

Communities of modest size, built mostly since the Industrial Revolution, in which the primary employment is in factories. When the primary employment is in factories for the manufacture of paper, steel, or textiles, use "mill towns." When settlements are purposely built by factory owners to attract workers to isolated locations, use "factory villages."

Health care facilities providing uncomplicated medical and nursing care for residents or members of an institution or other facility.

Buildings or other structures erected for the dissemination to the public of such items as tourist brochures, shopping guides, travel maps, or other documents, or for structures on which such information is publicly displayed.

Use to distinguish those signs that convey general information from those that are "direction signs," "identification signs," or "regulatory signs."

Refers to the underlying foundation or basic framework of a system or organization, especially the services and facilities which are an integral part of the life in an urban community.

Recessed seating areas by a fire or hearth.

Generally used for narrow openings of rivers into riverbanks or lakes and seas into shores.

Refers to the usually older and more densely populated central sections of cities.

Relatively small public buildings that offer for a fee rooms for sleeping and a tavern for food and beverages.

Works dating from the 1960s or later that use their exhibition space as part of their design. Demanding a viewer's active engagement, installations are often created by artists in direct opposition to the notion of permanent artwork, or art as a commodity.

Buildings housing organizations, societies, or regular meetings for the promotion of a particular literary, scientific, artistic, professional, or educational endeavor that is labeled an "institute."

Built works used by, or in support of, institutions.

The buildings used by an institution, which is a formally structured organization, establishment, or association created for the promotion of a specific benevolent objective.

Technique of creating a design that is sunken into the surface, by carving or incising.

Areas in hospitals for critically ill patients requiring especially close surveillance and special life-support equipment.

Road junctions that permit vehicles to pass from one road to another by a system of separate levels.

Buildings or spaces for museums that are owned or administered by representatives of multiple nations, or that specializes in exhibitions from multiple nations.

Refers to the architectural order characterized by capitals with volutes, richly carved moldings, and columns with bases.

Mines from which the primary extraction is iron, which is an element and lustrous, silvery, soft metal.

Mills or other buildings where iron or steel is smelted or otherwise processed.

Artificial systems that water land to supply moisture for plant growth.

Landforms smaller than a continent, completely surrounded by water at high water. Islands appear in oceans, seas, lakes, or rivers.

Buildings that house places of confinement operated by a local government both for temporary detention of sentenced and unsentenced individuals and for persons serving sentences of less than one year; for longer periods of confinement and more secure than lockups, but less confining and for shorter confinements than prisons.

Institutions of a local government having facilities for both temporary detention of sentenced and unsentenced individuals and for persons serving sentences of less than one year; for longer periods of confinement and more secure than lockups, but less confining and for shorter confinements than prisons.

Gardens created following the Shinto, Buddhist, or Zen philosophy of the relationship between nature and people and generally characterized by simple asymmetrical designs, dominated by clipped evergreens, often incorporating bridges, rocks, stepping stones, raked gravel, and stone lanterns to create an environment for contemplation and meditation.

Public buildings used for judicial function.

Communities of any size that are the location for the administration of justice.

Buildings that house post-high school institutions which offer a two-year program of study of a terminal nature or in preparation for continued college studies.

Buildings that house schools intermediate between elementary school and high school, differing by school district in grades included.

Places that collect, store, and often resell junk.

Complexes typically comprising a jail, police station, and courthouse, which provide services such as educational classes and treatment programs as means of reform.

Buildings that house justice centers used for the custody and treatment of juvenile offenders.

Distinctive landscapes, usually located on soluble rock such as irregular limestone, and characterized by caverns, sinkholes, fissures, ridges, and underground drainage. The term is derived from the Karst region of Slovenia.

Rooms (often rectangular) at the back of colonial houses in the United States, especially in the Northeast, which served as a combination kitchen, living room, and workroom.

Establishments where dogs or cats are bred, raised, trained, or boarded.

Frets consisting of a relatively continuous series of rectilinear hook shapes, sometimes crossing each other.

Central wedge-shaped voussoirs in arches or vaults; also, similar elements used as ornaments on the heads of doors or windows.

Furnaces, ovens, or heated enclosures for drying, charring, hardening, baking, or burning various materials.

Buildings that house schools serving pupils in the year prior to their entering the first grade, typically at age five.

Triangular frames with a vertical central strut (the king post) extending from apex to tie beam.

Small, freestanding structures either open or partially enclosed, where merchandise is displayed, advertised, or sold.

Private gardens established primarily for growing vegetables and herbs for domestic consumption.

Small rooms or alcoves fitted with the essential conveniences of a kitchen.

Rooms intended for the preparation and cooking of food.

Pueblo Indian buildings used as men's clubhouses and for ceremonial and social activities.

Intricately designed gardens in which ground cover, low shrubs, or colored earths are arranged in interlacing patterns resembling knots.

Refers to penal colonies where the prisoners are obliged to undertake heavy labor. Refers also to residential camps for migratory workers.

Rooms, buildings, or groups of buildings equipped with apparatus for scientific experiments or other research, testing, and investigations.

Structures of any material having a plan consisting of a number of intercommunicating passages arranged in bewildering complexity, through which it is difficult or impossible to find one's way without guidance. The term was derived from structures so-named in classical Antiquity, perhaps derived from "labrys" (Greek for "double axe" or "place of the double axes"), because the structures were labeled with the sign of a double-axe. The earliest use of the term is usually associated with the mythical labyrinth at Knossos, Crete, in which Theseus killed the Minotaur.

Major chapels dedicated to the Virgin Mary, usually located in the axis of a church at its east end.

Bodies of shallow water separated from the sea by a barrier, such as a sandbar or coral reef.

Navigable parts of lakes between islands, shoals, etc.

Dwellings constructed in lakes on artificial islands or along lakesides often on wooden platforms over marshy ground, characteristic of prehistoric Europe, especially Switzerland, northern Italy, Ireland, and Scotland.

Spaces, land, or part of a city or town on the edge of a lake.

Bodies of fresh or salt water surrounded by land.

Refers to land that verges on a lake. In extended use the term is used to describe administrative regions or landmasses on or in the vicinity of a lake, or recreational areas that include lake access.

Posts usually supporting outdoor lamps or lanterns.

Living spaces open in part to the outdoors.

Pointed arches whose curves are struck from centers farther apart than the span of the arch.

Slender windows with lancet arches at the top, common in Gothic architecture.

Dumps where refuse is collected, usually low-lying ground, and often as a means to reclaim the land.

Refers to various structures built for loading or unloading goods or embarking or disembarking passengers onto and off of watercraft.

The platforms between flights of stairs, or at the termination of a flight of stairs.

Buildings that serve as points of reference because their height, siting, distinctive design, use, historic significance, or other feature sets them apart from surrounding buildings. Examples may include churches and town halls.

Conspicuous monuments, fixed objects, or markers that serve as guides in the direction of one's course, characterize a neighborhood, or establish the location of land boundaries or property.

Branch of architecture concerning the design of the scenic environment, including the development and planting of all types of planned outdoor green spaces, often with accompanying structures and roadways, outdoor public areas, landmarks, and structures with the aim of creating a natural setting for human structures and settlements. For the planning discipline concerned with the physical environment and any and all human involvement with it, with the objective of assuring proper habitat for people, animals, and plants and the resources on which they depend, use "environmental design." For the development and decorative planting of gardens and grounds in particular, use "landscape gardening."

Grounds laid out so as to produce the effect of natural scenery.

Broadly used to describe portions of the earth's surface that share common repeating characteristics that can be comprehended at a glance. Landscapes are more than scenery or political units; they are systems of natural and cultural contexts. If possible use a more specific term.

Lighting devices, fixed or portable, designed to protect and enclose the light source, usually with sides of glass, horn, pierced metal, paper, or other material, allowing light to emerge and often having a supporting frame, hanging device, or carrying handle. They may be purely utilitarian or decorative, sometimes having ceremonial significance.

Windowed superstructures crowning a roof or dome, and serving to give light or air to the space below; the term is also used to refer to such structures, whether or not they provide light. For small structures built on the ridges of roofs, common in American architecture, use "cupolas."

Plan of buildings and cities in the shape of a Latin cross, having three short arms and one long arm.

Detached structures in public contexts containing one or more seats and a pit serving as toilets; distinguished from "outhouses" which are similar structures in domestic contexts. For rooms that are within buildings and have such simple facilities, use "privies."

Facilities at which rocket, missile, or spacecraft launches are conducted, usually having launch pads, equipment, and various buildings.

Commercial establishments where laundering is done.

Rooms containing a sink and toilet, but neither tub nor shower.

Buildings that house graduate schools that teach law and the legal profession, with the object of producing professional lawyers, scholars of law, or other professionals.

Cemeteries characterized by open expanses of turf with flush markers, particularly those dating from the late 19th-century.

Areas of cultivated grass or other ground cover maintained for aesthetic quality or recreation.

Pieces of glass, usually rectangular or lozenge-shaped, set into lead cames to form a window.

Freestanding structures with a single-pitched roof leaning against two posts or trees. For similarly roofed minor structures built against the side of buildings use "appentices."

Large rooms with fixed seating, designed for lectures. For large rooms designed for activities such as concerts or plays and requiring a large stage, see "auditoriums."

Buildings housing the legislative bodies of a government.

Embankments built to prevent flooding of low-lying land. For embankments built to control or retain flood waters of rivers or seas, use "dikes."

Buildings set apart to contain books for reading, study, or reference, typically with shelves containing books and tables and seating for users of the library.

Institutions that curate a collection of books, periodicals, and other materials, organized to provide physical, bibliographic, and intellectual access by the public or members of a group.

Rooms located in homes or other buildings and containing books for reading, study, or reference, typically with shelves for the books and a desk or table for users of the library.

Rooms located in homes or other buildings and containing books for reading, study, or reference, typically with shelves for the books and a desk or table for users of the library.

Buildings erected in coastal areas to house men, lifeboats and equipment to aid shipwreck victims; usually maintained by volunteers or government agencies.

Bridges with a section or sections lifted vertically between towers by counterweights or cables.

Courts or recesses serving primarily to provide light or ventilation to windows along the walls; for very small courts used primarily for ventilation, use "air shafts."

Complexes consisting of a light house and various support buildings and structures, such as keepers quarters, boathouses, fog signals, cisterns, and workshops.

Shafts designed to admit light to the interior rooms of a building.

Towers or other structures equipped with a powerful light or lights (originally a signal fire) at the top, erected at important or dangerous points on or near the coast for the guidance of mariners.

Describes the compartments of windows or window sashes through which daylight may pass; for the divisions of openings each consisting of a single plate of glass, use "panes (architectural elements)."

Furnace-type apparatus, usually long, tilted cylinders, that are slowly rotated; used to heat calcium carbonate above 900 degrees centigrade to produce lime.

Processing facilities for making lime, historically consisting of rows of lime kilns, tracks, and associated mine structures.

Roads for which points of entrance and exit for traffic are controlled by limiting the number of access roads.

Designates structures in which electrons, protons, or heavy ions are accelerated along a straight line by the action of alternating voltages.

In the United Kingdom, buildings placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. Such buildings are deemed to have unique architectural or historical importance, as identified through periodic surveys; they are protected from demolition or alteration.

Stables that board horses and carriages for hire.

Open-air museums in which archaeological evidence and scholarly research inform the reconstruction, restoration, or recreation of the original site.

Rooms in contemporary residences used for entertaining guests, reading, watching television, or other activities, generally more formal than a den but serving a wider range of activities than a 19th-century parlor.

Areas specially equipped for loading and receiving items onto and from motor vehicles or railroad cars parked adjacent.

Large halls serving as entrance spaces in public buildings or as anterooms, especially to legislative chambers. For entrance spaces in private houses, use "entrance halls."

Historic districts established and maintained by local units, such as a county, city, village, or township.

Rooms equipped with lockers, often having showers and toilets and sometimes used as dressing rooms, as in clubhouses and gymnasiums.

Houses placed at canal locks to provide basic shelter for the lockkeeper.

Enclosed chambers with gates at each end connecting higher and lower sections of artificial waterways for transferring watercraft from one level to another.

Subordinate buildings on the grounds of estates or parks used as the individual dwellings for employees, such as caretakers or gatekeepers. For structures located at the entranceway to the grounds, and which may or may not contain habitation spaces, use "gatehouses."

Use generally to refer to various types of Native North American dwellings and ritual buildings, usually with regard to Plains Indians tribes; when possible use a more specific term.

Main buildings of some resorts or public parks containing accommodations and other public facilities.

Self-contained residences generally set in forests or other wilderness areas and designed for temporary, short-term use during special events, such as while on hunting or fishing excursions.

A house, other than an inn or hotel, in which rooms are rented.

Buildings of several floors with large areas of unobstructed space, originally rented for light industrial purposes and now frequently converted to residential occupancy.

Large upper-level floor spaces directly below the roof of commercial buildings or warehouses, originally unpartitioned but often modified for secondary use; may also be used for domestic sleeping or storage platforms set close to ceilings or roofs and open to and overlooking a living space below. For enclosed spaces under sloping roofs, between the roof and the ceiling of the uppermost story, especially in houses, use "attics (interior spaces)." For substantial interior spaces at the level of an upper story, usually extending the full length or width of rooms, use "galleries (upper level spaces)."

The unhewn portion of a felled tree, including a length cut off for use as firewood, construction, or another purpose.

Distinguished from "log houses" by being generally more crudely built of timbers left round and joined at the corners by overlapping saddle-shaped notches.

Distinguished from "log cabins" by being generally larger and better built of carefully hewn timbers neatly notched at the corners.

Covered, roomlike spaces, open to the outdoors usually through arcades or colonnades; may be contained within or adjacent to buildings.

Large, rectangular, multifamily dwellings housing related families in separate compartments entered off long corridors; equipped with individual or communal hearths.

Short wood framing members nailed to the sides of joists or rafters to extend a roof or floor beyond an exterior wall line.

Settlements of relatively small size for which precise locations are no longer known.

Parcels of land with fixed boundaries occupied or capable of being occupied by one building or use, including accessory buildings, and not divided by any public highway or alley. Distinguished from "plats (land)," because plats tend to be somewhat larger than lots and are often in the countryside, while lots are typically smaller and located within a settlement.

Informal sitting rooms, as in hotels, theaters, airports, and institutional buildings.

Housing whose ultimate cost to the occupant is low, generally due to assistance from government subsidies. Distinguished from "low income housing," which refers to the mandated low income of the occupants rather than the low cost of the units.

Housing units available to occupants whose income does not exceed certain maximum income limits set by local housing authorities. Distinguished from "low cost housing," which refers to the subsidized low rent of the units rather than the low income of the occupants.

Buildings of five stories or fewer accessible by stairs only; commonly applied to apartment houses and some commercial buildings.

Figures that are squares or rhombuses rotated to have their corners on the horizontal and vertical axes. Common as an isolated motif, in a diaper pattern, or in a running series.

Groups of houses or tents and associated facilities designed as a residence for loggers who are temporarily in a forest to cut down and transport timber.

Structures or other shelters designed or used for the storage, drying, or curing of lumber.

Lots or buildings used for storage, cutting, and sale of lumber and wood-related products, particularly lumber used in construction and home improvement.

Small restaurants or snack bars serving light daytime meals or snacks that are ready to serve or quickly prepared.

Rooms provided for eating meals, particularly at a work place, school, or other such establishment where many people spend the day away from home; the the food is often brought from elsewhere, but prepared food may also be offered for sale.

Buildings, usually having lecture rooms, class rooms, and a library, and housing specialized institutions typically devoted to the instruction of adults.

Places where metal and other substances are cut and shaped by machine tools.

Structures used to give partial or total protection from the weather to any sort of machinery, typically characterized by having a roof and as much space as possible between the interior posts or walls, without being too deep so that each machine can be taken out easily.

Buildings that house Islamic theological or law schools, especially when associated with a mosque, or generally for places of study.

Designates storage buildings for explosives and ammunition.

Palaces in India, especially those of the Islamic period.

Use only for principal thoroughfares, usually those along which are found the primary mercantile establishments, of small to mid-size settlements.

Mansions belonging to, or used by, the lord of a manor.

Landed estates administered as units and consisting of the main residence (manor house), demesnes, and the land over which the lord has privileges.

Curb roofs with all four sides sloping, usually enclosing habitable spaces, and therefore having dormers.

Residences provided for clergymen, chiefly in Scotland; formerly also included the land and outbuildings surrounding the residence.

Large imposing, and usually elegant and costly, dwellings.

Communities of any size that have manufacturing as a major industry.

Secure mooring facilities primarily for yachts and other recreational small craft.

Aquariums focusing on life in saltwater, especially ocean environments.

Tracts set aside for recreation and located on land in contact with the sea, in submerged areas, along sea beds, or on emerged land areas near the sea coast.

Sites located under bodies of salt water, particularly in oceans or seas.

Structures built in relation to water in general, especially seaward of the high-water line of the major water bodies (oceans, seas, bays); use "offshore structures" for construction built on continental shelves.

Complexes providing facilities to accommodate the movement of cargo or passengers among ships or between ships and shore.

Buildings housing museums dealing with the sea in general, navigation, or shipping, as distinct from "naval museums," which deal with navies, warships, or ships in general.

Monuments that serve as guides to direction, position, or route, or that mark a boundary or limit.

Gardens, often extensive, where vegetables are grown for market.

Relatively large structures designed or built to house a market, often either under a single large roof or positioned between and around a colonnade in open air.

Refers to structures designed or used specifically to house markets; the term is usually reserved for relatively small, traditional structures in the historical center of a town or city.

Communities of relatively small size that hold a market, typically agricultural centers in a rural area. Market towns typically developed as a location to trade farm products, sometimes near fortified places.

Widened streets, neighborhood or town squares, or other mostly open public spaces where booths and stalls may be erected for public sales.

Buildings or outdoor areas where trade is conducted, often optimized for a gathering together of people for the purchase and sale produce and livestock. Markets typically have booths or stalls for individual merchants, either in open air or under a single large roof.

Low lying, treeless wetlands, typically overgrown with grasses, cattails, and rushes.

Low, circular defensive towers used, especially since the Napoleanic wars, for coastal protection; derived in name and form from the traditional Mediterranean watchtowers found on Cape Martella, Corsica.

Buildings in which (prior to the 17th century) skilled stone masons or (since the early 17th century) members of the societies of Freemasons gathered, whether socially or professionally.

Refers to the principal bedrooms in dwellings, usually the largest and intended for the person or persons who head the household; used especially in American contexts since the 1920s.

Hospitals designed or used for the care of women immediately before, during, and after childbirth and for the care of newborn babies.

Edifices erected as commemorative burial places, often but not exclusively limited to large, stately, or imposing edifices for or by a person of distinction. The word is derived from the burial place of Mausolus, ruler of Caria, in whose memory his widow Artemisia raised a splendid tomb at Halicarnassus (ca. 350 BCE).

Buildings that house prisons having the highest level of security for dangerous inmates or those likely to escape.

Gardens focused on a labyrinthine design having many intricate turnings and windings that are defined by flowers, hedges, or other plants.

Large open tracts of grassland, sometimes used for pasture.

Clocks whose recurring motion depends on mechanical, as opposed to electronic, devices, such as escapements, the swing of a pendulum, or the oscillation of a balance wheel and spring.

Round or oval enframements, usually containing figures or ornamental motifs. Primarily found in two-dimensional media, such as textiles, stained glass, and manuscript illuminations; for circular decorated panels in architectural contexts, use "roundels."

Buildings or spaces housing educational facilities that provide nonprint media, such as audio-visual materials and online computer resources, in public schools or elsewhere.

General term for a building or group of buildings where medical facilities are centered.

Buildings that house graduate schools of a college or university in which medicine is taught.

Buildings that house prisons where the security level is less than maximum security; the inmates may sleep in dormitories and have other communal facilities, with generally less supervision over the internal movements than in a maximum-security prison.

Buildings of assembly for Christian religious worship, typically not of ecclesiastical architecture, and especially in reference of meetings of Nonconformists.

Refers to prehistoric or very ancient monuments built of unusually large stones have been only very roughly worked or left as found.

Very large, multipurpose, adaptable structures housing all or most of the functions of a city. For less comprehensive and dominating structures, use "multipurpose buildings."

Large structures having a prominent central arch and built to commemorate events or persons; if erected to honor military victories, use "triumphal arches."

Refers to freestanding structures having approximately the form of columns, with capital, shaft, and base, but without a full superstructure and erected as memorials.

Cemeteries that are designed as a park, in which upright memorials are not used, as originally intended by Hubert Eaton (1881-1966), the coiner of the term. They are generally characterized by open expanses of turf with either flush or other regulated gravemarkers. In the last half of the 19th century, those with flush markers were called "lawn" cemeteries.

Monuments or structures built to preserve the memory of beings or events. For other objects created, issued, or worn to commemorate persons or events, use "commemoratives."

Buildings, other structures, and complexes of structures whose primary function is mental health care.

Buildings designed or used by those who are engaged in trade or commerce, specifically professionals involved in the exchange of goods for profit.

Relatively small, usually isolated, masses of land with level or nearly level tops, standing distinctly above the surrounding countryside, and having steep erosion scarps on all sides; smaller than plateaus, and larger than buttes.

Areas on military bases that serve chiefly as dining halls, rooms or separate buildings.

Facilities having instruments and equipment used to make observations of atmospheric conditions in order to study and predict weather.

Settlement areas encompassing a central city and surrounding municipal or political jurisdictions.

Urban stables with living accommodations above grouped around a courtyard or small street for use by carriage horses; may also be used by extension in modern contexts for the alleyways such stables front upon when the stables have been converted into apartments.

Low-ceilinged spaces between two stories with higher ceilings, or for balconylike stories over a part of the story below, the lower story usually, but not necessarily, being the first story.

Breweries that produce a limited amount of high quality beer annually, and typically selling their products on the premises.

Buildings having between four or five and nine or ten stories and equipped with elevators; generally applied to commercial buildings and apartment houses.

Archaeological or anthropological contexts for accumulations of refuse associated with human occupation. These accumulations may include discarded artifacts and food remains such as bones and shells. They are often used as valuable sources of archaelogical data.

Buildings that house schools representing the second stage of a three-tier educational system, falling intermediate between an elementary school and an upper, senior, or high school, differing by school district in grades included.

In the context of amusement parks, exhibitions, fairs, etc., the central avenues along which the chief exhibits or amusements are placed. In the context of amusement parks, exhibitions, fairs, etc., the central avenues along which the chief exhibits or amusements are placed.

Stones, slabs, or pillars of any material, set by the side of a road to mark distances between one point and another; most often distances between cities. The term "milestones" does not necessarily refer only to the unit of measurement called a "mile"; it may be used to describe objects that denote measures of the kilometer or other units.

Buildings that house schools that train people for careers in the armed forces and for private schools organized following the discipline and dress codes of military life; both offer courses in military training and both are generally at university level with degree-granting programs.

Educational institutions that train people for careers in the armed forces and for private schools organized following the discipline and dress codes of military life; both offer courses in military training and both are generally at university level with degree-granting programs.

Use generally in contemporary contexts for permanent centers of operations; use "military camps" for contemporary nonpermanent posts. Use generally in contemporary contexts for permanent centers of operations; use "military camps" for contemporary nonpermanent posts.

Structures built and used by military forces.

In contemporary military contexts this refers to groups of huts, tents, or other shelters set up temporarily for troops. In historical contexts the term connotes permanent or semipermanent places of encampment. Use "military bases" for contemporary permanent installations. In contemporary military contexts this refers to groups of huts, tents, or other shelters set up temporarily for troops. In historical contexts the term connotes permanent or semipermanent places of encampment. Use "military bases" for contemporary permanent installations.

Refers to burial grounds established for war casualties, veterans, and eligible dependents.

Hospitals reserved for the treatment of active military personnel, including soldiers and their dependents.

Housing designed or used by military personnel.

Areas reserved for the training and rapid deployment of military forces.

Buildings housing museums that primarily house weapons, armor, uniforms, ammunition, documents, maps, photographs, and other records and artifacts of military forces, leaders, wars, and battles.

General term for parks that preserve areas associated with military history.

Buildings housing institutions tasked to hold and detain members of the armed forces, in the U.S. particularly who have been convicted of violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice.

Roads constructed by or reserved primarily for the transport of military personnel, equipment, and vehicles.

Settlements whose primary concern is military; may also be used for settlements upon which military considerations have had a considerable formal or economic influence.

Military structures used for the purposes of training.

Facilities specializing in the training of military personnel, typically including training in the use of weapons, discipline, endurance, and survival training.

Subsidiary agricultural buildings for cooling, handling, and processing milk. For agricultural buildings for the making and storing of dairy products in general, use "dairies (non-mechanized)" or "dairy plants."

Designates industrial settlements in which the primary employment is in factories for the manufacture of, for example, paper, steel, or textiles.

Artificial channels in which water flows to and from mill wheels and other similar hydraulically operated machinery.

Refers to buildings designed and fitted with machinery for the purpose of performing some task or making a product, including grinding of grain into flour or running a loom to make fabric. For the machinery itself, independent of the building, use "mills (equipment)."

Buildings that physically illustrate their name or function in their plan or elevation, for example a dairy stand shaped like a milk bottle.

Tall, slender towers of a mosque, from which the faithful are called to prayer.

Buildings associated with a mine, which is series of pits or tunnels made underground for the extraction of metals or other materials.

Vertical or near-vertical tunnels accessing underground mines.

Industrial structures built to support mining activity.

Excavation or systems of excavations, including pits or tunnels, made underground for the extraction of metals, metallic ores, coal, salt, precious stones, building stone, clay, or another substance, or an open-air excavation for the extraction of such substances.

Tiny landscapes laid out in planters, window boxes, terrariums, or similar containers, consisting of dwarf plants and often tiny replicas of land forms, bodies of water, and models of buildings, bridges, temples, and other structures.

Communities of any size that have economies based largely on the activities of mining.

Communities, relatively modest in size, that grew up around or have economies centered on the activities of mining.

Buildings housing the body of government officers known as "ministers," typically ministers of state or secretaries of state, who are high level officials responsible for the administration of a country or state.

Buildings where currency and special medals are produced under government authority.

Underground structures hardened against attack and designed for the storage and firing of missiles.

Buildings housing churches located within a mission, which is a self-sustaining frontier or outpost settlements created by a religious organization to evangelize abroad.

Complexes of buildings comprising the permanent establishment of a Christian missionary post or station. Buildings may include the central church, structures for the housing of the friars or other personnell, kitchen, storage, barns, surrounding grounds, and possibly other buildings.

Self-sustaining frontier or outpost settlements created by a body of persons sent out by a religious organization to evangelize abroad, and often to aid in the administering of colonial wilderness enterprises. They are sometimes established under the protection of a government, as with the Spanish settlements of America. Missions typically include buildings for housing the people and activities of the group, including a church.

Use to describe projects or buildings when there is a highly site-intensive mixture of several different, major, revenue-producing functions involved.

Relatively large-scale real estate projects incorporating several revenue-producing functions, having a highly intensive use of land, and developed from a coherent plan.

Castles surrounded or partially surrounded by a moat, which is a wide defensive ditch.

Refers to deep, wide defensive ditches surrounding towns, castles, or houses and usually filled with water.

Distinguished from "trailer camps" by being only for infrequently moved prefabricated structures designed for year-round living.

Portable residential units that possess their own chassis with wheels, are designed for year-round living, are infrequently moved, and are larger than travel trailers; use "travel trailers" for portable vehicles designed for travel and recreational purposes and for frequent towing. For motorized trucklike vehicles equipped as traveling living quarters, use "motor homes."

Urban areas or communities within them whose design incorporates innovative attempts at solving specific social and physical problems; often applied to the redesign of existing settlements in the 19th and 20th centuries. For 19th-century cities built with prescribed forms to fulfill specific military or economic ideals, use "ideal cities."

Farms of wealthy landlords employing the latest and best agricultural techniques and technologies and designed by architects, often built as exemplars for local farmers; found, especially in England, from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century.

Houses built to demonstrate to the consumer the layout and features that will or could be included in manufactured houses, often in a subdivision.

Period and styles of painting, sculpture, graphic arts, and architecture dating from the late 19th century to the present date and characterized by a rejection of traditional artistic forms and conventions. It typically reflects changing social, economic, and intellectual conditions. Modern art includes numerous movements and theories. It differs from contemporary art, which does not carry the implication of a non-traditional style, but instead refers only to the time period in which the work was created. 'Modern' and 'contemporary' are inherently fluid terms. The term 'modern' sometimes more narrowly refers to art up until the 1960s or 1970s.

Built complexes for religious retirement or seclusion from the world for monks, who are people living a celibate life according to the rule of a particular religious order and adhering to vows, especially of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

Raised central portions of roofs, along the ridge, having louvers or windows on the sides for ventilation or light.

Ornamental arrangements of the initials or letters of a name, often used to indicate ownership or patronage.

Railway systems employing a single rail either above or beneath the railway cars. Monorail systems first appeared in the early 20th century and have usually been propelled by conventional electric traction motors. Railway systems employing a single rail either above or beneath the railway cars. Monorail systems first appeared in the early 20th century and have usually been propelled by conventional electric traction motors.

Structures or edifices of importance or historical interest, typically erected in memory of the dead or of an important event.

Semi-permanent anchorages consisting of a heavy anchor, chain, mooring buoy, and pennant.

Rock debris deposited by a glacier.

Buildings or parts of buildings designed or used for the hygienic temporary storage of corpses prior to disposal. A morgue typically contains large refrigerated drawers or other areas for storage of individual bodies, and tables and equipment for the identification and examination of the corpses. The term derives from the proper name of a particular building in Paris in which the bodies of the dead were kept until identified.

Sitting rooms, sometimes reserved for women, used during the early part of the day; popular from the early 19th century to the early 20th century, especially in England.

Buildings housing facilities for the care, planning and preparation of human remains for burial or cremation. While the meaning may overlap in common usage with "funeral homes," generally mortuaries have more extensive facilities for preparing the body and funeral homes have a parlor or other area for formal viewing of and services for the deceased. In modern usage, the term "mortuaries" may also refer to facilities that prepare the bodies of pets for burial or cremation.

Images or patterns composed of small, regularly shaped pieces of durable material, usually stone or colored glass. Distinguished from "opus sectile," which is composed of individually shaped pieces of durable material, usually stone or glass, which conform to the design or pattern.

Muslim places of worship. Public mosques consist of an area reserved for communal prayers, frequently in a domed building with a minaret, and with a niche (mihrab) or other structure indicating the direction of Mecca. There may also be a platform for preaching (minbar), and an adjacent courtyard in which water is provided for the obligatory ablutions before prayer. Since representations of the human form are forbidden, decoration is geometric or based on Arabic calligraphy.

Overnight public accommodations for motorists generally characterized by long low-rise buildings consisting of rows of attached individual sleeping quarters and having direct access between the rooms and parking spaces without an intervening lobby.

Theaters designed and equipped for the presentation of motion pictures to the public, or any buildings in which films are shown.

Public accomodations having an orderly array of individual cabins set alongside a highway and having an internal system of driveways, parking spaces, and a clearly visible and distinctly articulated office near the complex's entrance; especially popular in the United States from the late 1920s to the early 1950s.

Piles of earth heaped up for landmarks, monuments, or as bases for other structures; for piles of earth and other debris resulting from successive superimposed occupation sites, use "tells." For piles of earth built over grave sites, use "burial mounds." Use "cairns" for purposely erected piles of stones.

A series of mountains or mountain ridges closely aligned in formation, direction, and age.

Prominent landforms rising considerably above the surrounding area, typically having steep slopes, a sharp summit area, and large mass. Mountains rarely occur individually, and in most cases, are found in ranges, chains, or systems.

Cores of buildings, the parts placed directly underneath the main part of the roof; usually an odd number of bays wide and 2 bays deep. Sometimes used to refer specifically to the central part of a Buddhist temple.

Vestibules or other peripheral spaces of houses in which wet and muddy clothes or footwear can be removed prior to entering the house.

Dwellings containing two or more complete residential units, each usually occupied by separate households.

Buildings or groups of closely spaced buildings housing four or more individual, usually small, motion picture theaters, generally with a common lobby, ticket booth, and concessions.

Use only for buildings designed to be flexible enough to serve different purposes at different times.

Bridges containing more than one span, typically with a superstructure comprising a row of elongated single-span girders arranged end-to-end and supported at their ends on vertical support columns.

Buildings having multiple floors, usually reserved for buildings having more than two floors and that are not single family dwellings.

Buildings occupied by the principal offices and departments of city or town governments.

Urban political units having corporate status and a local self-government. Municipalities can be towns, cities, or districts.

Painted decorations or scenes that dominate a wall (or ceiling) surface. For works in other media that dominate a wall (or ceiling), use the more general term "murals (any medium)".

Refers to decorations in any medium that dominate a wall (or ceiling) surface; most often refers to works executed on the wall, but may also refer to works done separately and affixed to the wall. For paintings specifically, see "mural paintings."

Commercial spaces in museums or separate buildings staffed by museum personnel and selling primarily museum-specific souvenirs and related merchandise, the proceeds of which help to support the operating museum.

Spaces within a museum where objects are stored when not being exhibited.

Refers to buildings, groups of buildings, or spaces within buildings where objects of value such as works of art, antiquities, scientific specimens, or other artifacts are housed and displayed for public benefit.

Institutions that maintain places where objects of value such as works of art, antiquities, scientific specimens, or other artifacts are housed and displayed for public benefit. An institution devoted to the procurement, care, documentation, study and display of objects of lasting interest or value.

Generally designates buildings that house independent professional schools of music emphasizing advanced instruction in performance for singers, conductors, and musicians; usually granting certificates.

Public buildings, with seating for an audience, emphasizing musical and variety entertainment but also serving drinks.

Rooms devoted primarily to the playing of musical instruments or the giving of recitals, as in houses and hotels.

Buildings that house schools, generally associated with universities, sponsoring degree-granting programs in a broad range of subjects pertaining to the field of music.

Principal interior chambers or architectural cores of certain religious buildings or sanctuaries. Among examples are ancient Greek architecture, where the naos was the main sanctuary of a temple; in Byzantine architecture, where the naos was typically the area of a centrally planned church reserved for the liturgy; and in Egyptian architecture and art, where the naos was a shrine housing the god or carried in miniature by the god.

Entrance porches in early basilican churches, and for interior vestibules across the western end of later churches. For narthexlike spaces at the west end of some English and French Romanesque and Gothic churches, often used as chapels, prefer "galilees."

Burial grounds established and maintained by a nation for the interment of military persons, civilian leaders, and other important national figures. In the United States, an official designation for 139 burial grounds established by the Congress of the United States in 1862 for the interment of armed forces servicemen and women whose last service ended honorably, but also containing the remains of certain civilian leaders.

Forests under supervision of a national government.These are tracts intended for purposes of conservation of water, plant and wildlife, and public recreation. In the United States, national forests are administered by the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture.

Buildings, sites, districts, structures, or objects that possess national cultural significance, according to criteria established by the National Park Service of the United States.

Buildings housing libraries that are maintained out of federal government funds and serving the nation as a whole.

Places of historic, scenic, or scientific interest set aside for preservation, usually by presidential proclamation.

Buildings or spaces for museums that are owned or administered by representatives of a nation, or that specializes in exhibitions from a given nation.

Areas of special scenic, historical, or scientific importance set aside and maintained by a national government especially for recreation or study.

Buildings housing museums containing collections dealing with the properties of natural objects, plants, or animals, such as preserved specimens of birds, mammals, insects, and plants; rocks, minerals, and fossils.

Designates land and water areas where human effects, if present, are not ecologically significant to the area as a whole. Use to contrast with "cultural landscapes," areas which are significantly altered or modified by human actions.

Grounds and complexes designed to educate visitors about animals, plants, weather, and the environment, often including structures for educational activities and outdoor grounds containing native plant communities, wildlife habitats, walking trails, and other facilities.

Areas established for the purpose of preserving distinctive natural communities of plants and animals.

Footpaths through nature reserves or other area of countryside for the observation of plants, animals, and natural phenomena, frequently marked by posted signs and discussed in associated descriptive literature.

Land-based military airbases for the military aviation division of the navy of a nation.

Area naval commands normally including a seaport, which integrates shore activities that provide local logistic services to the fleet.

Buildings housing museums dealing with navies, warships, or ships in general; distinct from "maritime museums," which deal with the sea in general, navigation, or shipping.

Naval bases that build, repair, dock, or convert warships, and are manned by civilian engineers and workers and administered by engineer duty officers.

Refers to the main central part of an interior divided into a high center with lower side portions divided by columns or piers, usually but not always in a church. Use also for the main part of a church without aisles but with a distinct chancel.

Thin spires rising from the center of a tower roof, well inside a parapet, protecting a pathway upon which scaffolding could be erected for repairs.

Parks set aside for the habitual play of residents of urban neighborhoods; usually smaller and with fewer activities than "community parks."

Residential areas within a larger town or city, more or less cohered into integral communities having their own shops and other facilities, and other distinguishing characteristics.

Intensive care units designed for newborn infants under the age of one month.

New, essentially self-sufficient settlements, usually modest in size, which are built in a previously undeveloped area. Their purpose is typically to provide residential, commercial, industrial, educational, recreational, and public facilities for larger urban areas. The term is often reserved for such settlements sponsored or approved by a government and created in a rural or undeveloped area to absorb overspill population from a nearby large city. Examples of new towns are the planned communities of the New Towns Movement in the United Kingdom after World War II, for which communities were purposefully planned, developed, and built to alleviate overcrowding in large cities.

Stands or stalls for the sale of newspapers, magazines, and other printed material.

Establishments offering evening entertainment, such as floor shows or comedy acts, providing space and music for dancing, and usually serving liquor and meals.

Stores selling articles that are chiefly decorative or amusing, whose appeal is often transitory, often relying for their appeal on the newness of their design.

Buildings within a religious community complex in which novices are housed and trained during their period of probation.

Facilities that create and distribute power obtained from nuclear reactors, which initiate and control a self-sustaining series of nuclear fissions.

Apparatuses in which a chain reaction of fissionable material is initiated and controlled as for generation of heat for power or for the production of plutonium from uranium.

Locations where nuclear devices are experimentally exploded.

Horticultural facilities where trees, shrubs, and plants are grown for sale and transplanting elsewhere or for use as stocks for budding or grafting.

Buildings that house schools for children too young for kindergarten and compulsory education, but old enough to take part in certain educational and social activities.

Group dwellings on or near hospital grounds providing dormitorylike housing for nurses or nursing students.

Control centers for on-call nursing staff in health facilities.

Long-term residential care facilities providing as their primary and predominant function round-the-clock skilled nursing care for the elderly or chronically ill. Distinguished from "rest homes" which have less emphasis on comprehensive nursing care and are residential, rather than institutional, environments.

Tall, slender, four-sided, usually monolithic stone shafts which taper upward and end in a pyramidal tip.

Spaces designed for viewing a landscape, or observing wildlife. These may be open spaces at the tops of tall buildings or constructed in natural environments.

Buildings or parts of buildings set apart for, and equipped with instruments for making, observations of natural phenomena, typically astronomical, meteorological, or geophysical phenomena.

Plan of a building or city that is arranged within an octagon (eight sides of equal length), usually a centralized plan.

Buildings constructed or used primarily for offices, which are spaces where business, administrative, or professional activities are conducted.

Building complexes that house offices and facilities for the support of the offices.

Areas of land or property where many office buildings may be grouped together and developed specifically to attract corporate offices.

Skyscrapers or other tall buildings primarily containing offices, which are spaces where business, administrative, or professional activities are conducted.

Spaces set aside for military officers to engage in social interaction and consuming refreshments.

Departments or administrative entities, often governmental, responsible for particular activities or duties, having a head and senior officials.

Rooms where business, administrative, or professional activities are conducted.

Residences of heads of state or other public officials.

Areas of land or seabed under which are found oil-bearing strata, particularly when the oil is found in pools and in amounts large enough to support commercial exploitation.

Factories equipped with machines for extracting vegetable oils.

Tanks used to store oil, but not used to supply the oil to the equipment for which it is intended.

Wells driven into rock from which petroleum is obtained.

Older, often historic, sections of cities or towns, generally distinguished from newer parts by clear boundaries and distinctive architecture.

Small educational buildings, generally consisting of one major teaching space, and often built to resemble meeting houses, churches, or dwellings. Use when emphasizing the size or form of such buildings; when emphasizing the function or location of some early examples, prefer "rural schools."

Plan of a building or city that is arranged to most conveniently accommodate the flow of traffic, activities, or work that goes on inside it, instead of along an axis or radiating from a central point.

Spaces in urban environments designed as passages for pedestrians, and as social spaces, not as clearly delimited as parks, but sharing some of the same characteristics. Often these function as utilitarian connecting spaces between buildings, or simply as an open area designated by a municipal authority, but without the amenities or formality of a park.

Carefully selected and situated collections of original buildings designed to illustrate not only the architecture and building forms of a given geographical area and period, but also to recreate the atmosphere and lifestyle.

Theaters designed with facilities for outdoor performing arts productions.

Zoos in which many or all of the animals have access to open-air enclosures that resemble the animals' natural habitats, in contrast to early zoos where most animals were confined to relatively small cages. Zoos in which many or all of the animals have access to open-air enclosures that resemble the animals' natural habitats, in contrast to early zoos where most animals were confined to relatively small cages.

Concert halls designed specifically to accommodate the production needs of opera performances.

Specially equipped rooms, usually in hospitals, where surgical procedures are performed.

Greenhouses designed to shelter through the winter tropical, and often ornamental, trees such as orange trees, and usually with southern exposure and heating systems.

Farms devoted to the cultivation of fruit or nut trees.

Sunken spaces in front of the forestage from which an orchestra plays.

In modern theaters, the entire main-floor space for spectators.

Galleries or lofts in which an organ is located, often in a church and intended mainly for use by the organist and choir. It is often connected to the organ, with which it may form a single architectural-decorative structure. In some regions, the organ loft is very large, often consisting of several superimposed levels, and is reserved for men attending Mass. It is usually made of wood or stone, supported by ledges with a parapet and sometimes grilles that conceal the members of the choir. It is usually located in the western portion of the nave, above the main entrance to the church, sometimes supported by the inner door. It may also be located in other parts of the nave, in the arms of the transept, or along the walls of the choir.

Bay windows projecting from an upper floor and not extending to the ground; usually supported by brackets or corbels.

Buildings that house facilities for the housing and care of orphans, who are children whose parents are either dead or otherwise unable to care for their child.

Detached buildings separate from a main building. Detached buildings separate from a main building.

Restaurants designed or utilized for dining outdoors at tables surrounding the building, often with tables placed in a patio or on a sidewalk in an urban area, sometimes with a protective roof or umbrellas sheltering the tables. Outdoor seating may be offered only seasonally as weather permits, with additional seating available indoors.

Sculpture designed to be placed outdoors. For contemporary outdoor works that especially exploit or incorporate aspects of their sites, use "environmental art."

Detached structures in domestic contexts containing one or more seats and a pit serving as toilets; distinguished from "latrines" which are similar structures in public contexts. For rooms that are within buildings and have such simple facilities, use "privies."

Retail stores where manufacturers sell their stock directly to the public through their own branded stores, typically at prices lower than in other stores.

Facilities that provide medical treatments outside a hospital on an outpatient basis, that is, without accomodating overnight admissions.

Refers to art created or collected according to a philosophy of avoidance of the conventional fine art tradition. The concept generally refers to art that fits the ideal described by Jean Dubuffet, who posited that art should be inventive, non-conformist, unprocessed, spontaneous, insulated from all social and cultural influences, "brut," created without thought of financial gain or public recognition, and based upon autonomous inspiration, in direct contrast to the stereotypes of the traditional or official artistic culture. Dubuffet sought such art in the work of psychiatric patients and other insulated individuals. It is generally distinct from "naive art," which is created by those without formal training, but not necessarily in accordance with the principles described above. It is also typically distinct from "folk art," which is made according to the rules and traditions of a particular culture.

Projections of roofs or upper stories beyond a story immediately below.

Open spaces, such as a cliff, that affords a scenic view or vista.

Panels or ornamental structures situated above mantels.