Styles

Period, culture, and English style in architecture and fine and decorative arts during the reign of James I from 1603 to 1625. Detailed and jewel-like portraits dominate easel and miniature painting while decorative arts are characterized by rich carving, bulb and twist shapes and motifs including coats of arms, thistles, and pomegranates. In architecture, Renaissance forms and motifs combine with details derived from Northern European Mannerism and include features such as Dutch gables, balustrades, and strapwork.

Refers to the style of British architecture, furniture, and decorative arts during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that revived forms from the Jacobean period of the 17th century. Featuring curved gables, elaborate brick chimneys, and mullioned and transomed windows, Jacobean Revival architecture and decorative motifs were also mixed with Elizabethan Revival and Queen Anne styles.

Refers to the 19th century English revival style in architecture and decorative arts that combines characteristics of both the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods.

Architecture styles belonging to Japanese culture.

Styles belonging to Japanese cultures.

Style, culture, or ethnicity of American people of Japanese heritage.

A Roman Catholic order for men founded in 1540 by St. Ignatius of Loyola, a Spanish soldier who experienced a religious conversion while convalescing from a battle wound. It is a non-contemplative order requiring strict obedience, compliance with Ignatius' Spiritual Exercises, and special loyalty to the pope. The Jesuits abandoned many medieval practices including obligatory regular penances or fasts; a common dress; and the choral recitation of the liturgical office. Other innovations include their very centralized form of authority with life tenure for the head of the order; gradation of members; a probationary period of many years before final vows; and lack of a female branch. Jesuits carry out many kinds of missionary work with special emphasis on education; the order has founded many colleges and universities throughout the world. The Jesuits have been leading apologists for the Roman Catholic Church, particularly during the Counter-Reformation. In more recent times, the order has been highly influential in modernizing the Church.

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Refers to the German and Austrian variation of Art Nouveau, named after the magazine "Jugend" that had been published in Munich since 1896. The style differs from Belgian and French Art Nouveau by a more restrained use of decoration. Jugendstil replaced the exuberance and naturalism of other Art Nouveau styles with a comparatively subdued aesthetic that was often almost unrecognizably, or not at all derived from nature.