This company town (1899, 5,100 feet), named for its cement plant, has a D&RG railroad spur to ship Portland cement to construction projects across the state. Portland cement has been manufactured here since 1898, using local deposits of lime, silica, and gypsum. In 1901 James...
Like neighboring Williamsburg, Coal Creek, and several other county towns, Rockvale (1882, 5,350 feet) began as a coal camp. Remnants of the commercial district include the diminutive Rockvale Town Hall (1913), southeast corner of Railroad and Mesa streets, with its pressed concrete...
This county, with the mighty Mosquito Range on the east and the soaring Sawatch Range to the west, originated with mining camps on Cache, Chalk, and Trout creeks and the Arkansas River. Chaffee County was carved from Lake County in 1879 and named for U.S. Senator Jerome Chaffee. County...
The county seat (1880, 7,036 feet) takes its name from the Spanish word for exit because of its location at the west end of the Arkansas River canyon. D&RG town developer and former territorial governor Alexander C. Hunt laid out a V-shaped town grid bounded by the converging Arkansas...
Poncha Springs (1877, 7,469 feet), like the nearby pass and mountain, takes its name from the Poncha Hot Springs. Poncha Pass, the northern gateway into the San Luis Valley, attracted stage lines and the D&RG, while the town of Poncha Springs, originally called South Arkansas...
Nathrop (1879, 7,690 feet) was founded by and named for Charles Nachtrieb, who established an adobe home and flour mill (1868) here. The spelling of his name was not the only casualty; Nachtrieb himself was shot in the back in 1881 by a disgruntled employee. The town became an important...
Buena Vista (1879, 7,954 feet), with its splendid view of the Collegiate Range to the west, lives up to its name. Pioneer prospectors, the story goes, named the peaks for their girfriends: Mt. Flossie, Mt. Fannie, Mt. Daisy Mae, Mt. Lulu, and so forth. After Buena Vista developed...
Granite (1868, 8,920 feet) was the first Lake County seat (1868–1878) and, for one year, the first seat for Chaffee County. Granite lies at the junction of the Arkansas River and Cache Creek, where argonauts first found pay dirt in 1860. The stage stop and town hub for the upper Arkansas...
Lake County (1861) lured miners after 1860 gold strikes on the headwaters of the Arkansas River. Oro City, the initial camp on California Gulch, boomed briefly during the 1860s and became the first county seat. It was replaced by nearby Leadville after rich silver finds gave birth to that...
The Lake County seat (1877, 10,152 feet) was born in a prospector's pan. The initial settlement of Oro City sprang up in 1860 along California Gulch as a gold camp. A decade later the black sand that had gummed gold miners' operations proved to be high-grade silver ore of lead...
Climax (1887, 11,320 feet) was named for the Denver, South Park & Pacific depot (1881) atop Fremont Pass, which became the first office of the Climax Molybdenum Mining Company. The Climax Molybdenum Mine (1916) turned low-grade molybdenum ore into Colorado's richest mine and mill...
Twin Lakes (1879. 9.210 feet) (NRD) developed as a resort on the north side of the lower of two lakes. The D&RG stagecoach service from that railroad's depot at Granite enhanced access, as did the opening of the Independence Pass road to the Aspen mines. This hamlet of small log...
With the 1876 Battle of the Little Big Horn vividly in mind, legislators honored General George A. Custer when they created this county in 1877. Settlement has always been concentrated in the Wet Mountain Valley, framed on the west by the Sangre de Cristo Range and on the east by the...
The county seat (1881, 7,888 feet) was founded by Dr. William A. Bell, vice president of the D&RG, who purchased several ranches and established a cheese factory in the town he named for Westcliffe-on-the-Sea in his native British Isles. He also brought in a D&RG rail spur to...
Silver Cliff (1878, 7,982 feet) was established as a result of silver discoveries in the nearby cliffs. In 1880 Silver Cliff boasted a population of 5,040, twenty-five saloons, twenty groceries, three hotels, and four newspapers. The silver panic of 1893 dealt a major blow, as did...
A solitary black volcanic butte on the east side of I-25 known as Huerfano (Spanish for orphan) gave its name to the county, established in 1861. The Spanish Peaks, known to the Utes as Huajatolla, or “Breasts of the Earth,” are the county's other landmarks. The Wet Mountains on the...
The county seat (1858, 6,185 feet), originally named La Plaza de Los Leones for founder Don Miguel Antonio Leon, was transformed by the 1870 arrival of ambitious German settlers who replatted and renamed it. Among the newcomers was storekeeper Frederick Walsen, who became the first...
La Veta (1862, 7,013 feet) stands against the backdrop of the Spanish Peaks, which soar 6,000 feet above the surrounding plains. John Francisco, a Virginian, and John Diagre, a French Canadian, purchased the town-site from owners of the Vigil and St. Vrain Mexican land grant. Their adobe...
Colorado's largest county ranges from broken prairie in the east to the high mountains of the Culebra Range in the west. Settled in the 1860s by agrarians, it proved to have some of the richest coal pockets in the Rockies. Las Animas became Colorado's fourth most populous county by...
The county seat (1859, 6,025 feet) is strategically sited on the Purgatoire River at the northern base of Ratón Pass on the Mountain Branch of the Santa Fe Trail. According to one story, sheepherder Gabriel Gutierrez named the place for a sweetheart left behind in New Mexico, Trinidad...
Kim (1917, 5,690 feet) is on the site of a farming village, founded around 1893, which failed because the settlers knew little about dry-land farming. Olin D. Simpson started the present town when he built a post office–store on his homestead and named it for Rudyard Kipling's boy hero....
Named for Felipe Baca, a pioneer settler in Trinidad, this county (1889) forms the southeast corner of the state, bordering on Kansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. Sanora Babb, who wrote of her 1920s childhood here in An Owl on Every Post (1970), observed: “While other parts of the...
The county seat (1887, 4,365 feet) was named for Springfield, Missouri, home of some early settlers. The town is small and growing smaller with agricultural hard times. Once a thriving producer of broom corn, Springfield now houses about a third of Baca County's 4,500 residents. It...
Pritchett (1927, 4,827 feet), named for Dr. Henry S. Pritchett, a director of the Santa Fe Railroad, relieved neighboring Joycoy (1915–1927) of the post office when the railroad completed a spur from Springfield. The town is visible from some distance because of three ten-story white...
Two Buttes (1910, 4,125 feet) is named for the twin-peaked butte 20 miles north, a prominent landmark in an otherwise level landscape. The doors of the Methodist Church open wide every Sunday morning, and the proprietor of the Two Buttes Grocery bills his customers once a month. Next...
Prowers County, established along the Kansas border in 1889, contains Colorado's lowest altitudes. Its prairie bottomland supports irrigated and dry-land farming and ranching. Trail City, one of the wildest Colorado cattle towns, flourished during the 1880s on the National Cattle Trail...
Promoters named the county seat (1886, 3,622 feet) for U.S. Secretary of the Interior Lucius Quintius C. Lamar in hope of procuring federal patronage for the town. The Santa Fe Railroad ran excursions to Lamar and sold $45,000 worth of land the first day. “Only five short weeks ago,”...
Holly (1880, 3,397 feet) was named for pioneer Hiram S. Holly, whose 50,000-acre ranch sprawled along the Arkansas River bottomlands from Granada to the Kansas line. The town was the first home of the Holly Sugar Company before it expanded and moved to Colorado Springs. The Holly City...
Named for Bent's Fort (now in Otero County), Bent County (1874) is a nearly perfect rectangle of rolling, open land. Thanks to the Arkansas River and the huge John Martin Reservoir (1948), irrigated farming is the mainstay, with some ranching and oil production. Recent restorations have...
The county seat (1886, 3,893 feet) was named for El Río de Las Animas Perdidas en Purgatorio (river of lost souls in purgatory), or, in French, Purgatoire River, which flows into the Arkansas River nearby. The town grew up along the Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe railroad tracks...
